Describe the structures as you follow the transmission of light into the eye starting with the cornea and ending with the retina. Include the two types of humors in the eye.

The characteristics of two types of nephrons and two capillary beds

What is a glucocorticoid hormone and how does it influence the body? How could this influence be a good thing in the short term, but cause problems in the long term?

What are the similarities and differences between the hormonal controls in the male and female reproductive system?

• Urinary System-Urinary Anatomy
• • Compare and contrast the kidney to the lymph node.
  • What are the differences between male and female urinary system anatomy? How does that affect its function?
  • Know the path of blood flow in the kidney. How does the blood flow of the kidney compare to other vasculature we have studied so far?
  • How are the kidneys protected in the body?

How do target cells respond to protein-based versus steroid hormones? Describe using specific examples.

Give examples of three specific diseases caused by hormonal imbalances. Include the endocrine gland, hormone involved, and the characteristics of the disease

A class of rodenticides (commonly referred to as rat poison) work by antagonizing Vitamin K. If a child or animal ingests these rodenticides, would you expect to see normal clotting time, prolonged clotting time, or faster clotting time? Explain.

what is the difference in the respiratory flow rate of a sprinter and a marathoner?

B. PROTEINS

1. Chemical digestion of proteins by enzymes first begins in the stomach. Name the gastric enzyme that initiates protein digestion. Explain how this enzyme is activated.

2. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes which digest proteins including trypsin and chymotrypsin. Name the ducts in the pathway by which pancreatic juice flows from the pancreas to the duodenum.

3. The products of chemical digestion of dietary proteins are amino acids (protein subunits), which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. Describe 3 ways the body uses these amino acids. In other words, name 3 important proteins (needed by the body to maintain health) which are synthesized using dietary amino acids.

explain how a light stimulus falling on the retina is transduced into a neural signal and transmitted to the higher centre of the brain. Include in your answer a description of the receptors and neural pathways involved.

1. What are the hormonal and physical changes going on in Stephanie during her pregnancy? What is keeping her from menstruating as normal?
2. Describe some of the changes to Stephanie’s body that will take place during the remainder of her pregnancy. Focus on the uterus, skeletal system, and cardiovascular system.
3. What prevents Stephanie’s body from rejecting the new tissue developing in her body that is genetically different from her tissues?

QUESTION 3

1. Biological systems are not as effective if they lack regulation, meaning the ability to regulate certain processes.  We have seen many examples of regulation this semester.   Muscle cell relaxation is highly regulated.  Describe the process(es) by which muscle cells relax and return to their resting length.

QUESTION 1

1. A major theme in human anatomy and physiology is the complementarity of structure and function, meaning that the structure of an organ, for example, will reflect that organ’s ability to function optimally, and vice versa.  Please discuss in detail how the structure of the cell membrane and its unique chemistry are the factors that determine the selectivity of the membrane.  Be specific and be detailed.  A 2 or 3 sentence response will not be considered an adequate response.

Describe assessment of heart function. Describe assessment parameters used for the vascular system, location of peripheral pulses and examination of jugular venous pressure.