Pulmonary circulation from the hierarchy list. This will highlight the circulatory route that takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart.The largest of these vessels, the _______________________________, immediately branches into the right and left _______________________________ as it leaves the heart.

Write a short informative essay on performance nutrition to distribute to your class participants. The subject of the essay may be broad (general principles) or specific (one aspect of nutrition, the value of a particular food, etc.). Reference your information sources.

Enkephalins are morphine like substances produced in the body. Enkephalins presynaptically inhibit the release of neurotransmitter from neurons that convey signals from nociceptors in the skin to the spinal cord. Based on your knowledge of the functional anatomy of a synapse and presynaptic modulation at axoaxonic synapses, explain how enkephalins, and morphine, decrease perception of pain, which occurs at the level of the brain.

Andrew V. Omit was admitted to the hospital after he was suffering from nausea, vomiting, blurry vision, speech difficulties, and general weakness. In the two days before he was admitted, he developed double vision and breathing difficulties. It was later found that he had consumed food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum.

a)      What is he suffering from?

b)      What is the mechanism of action of this disease?

c)      Can this bacterium be used for cosmetic treatments? What are the risks associated with its medical use?

Complaining of numbness in his right leg and face, Myelin S. Heath visited the doctor’s office. He has also been experiencing muscle weakness, mild depression and delay in his visual response in both eyes.
a)      What nervous system disease is Mr. Heath suffering from? (Please name only one disease)
b)      What could have caused Mr. Heath’s disease? (please list all possible causes)
c)      What structure(s) and function(s) of the nervous system are affected by this disease?
d)      What can be done to treat this disease? (Please address physical, therapeutic, and psychological treatment aspects)

. What forms or categories of physical activity are studied in kinesiology? Which receive the most attention, and how do they relate to each other?

describe an example where polarity plays a role in a specific physiological function

1. Describe the levels of cellular organization and state the four major types of cells and tissues.

2. List the organ systems of the body and give one-sentence descriptions of their functions.

3. Name the two fluids that constitute the extracellular fluid. What are their relative proportions in the body?

4. What is one way in which the composition of intracellular and extracellular fluids differ?

5. Describe several important generalizations about homeostatic control systems, including the difference between steady state and equilibrium.

6. Contrastfeedforward,positivefeedback,andnegativefeedback.

7. List the components of a reflex arc.

8. What is the basic difference between a local homeostatic response

   and a reflex?

9. List the general categories of intercellular messengers and briefly

   describe how they differ.

10. Describe the conditions under which acclimatization occurs. Are

    acclimatizations passed on to a person’s offspring?

11. Define circadian rhythm. Under what conditions do circadian

    rhythms become free running?

12. How do phase shifts occur?

13. What is the most important environmental cue for entrainment of

    circadian rhythms?

14. Draw a figure illustrating the balance concept in homeostasis.

15. Make and keep a list of the general principles of physiology. See if

    you can explain what is meant by each principle. To really see how well you’ve learned physiology at the end of your course, remember to return to the list you’ve made and try this exercise again at that time giving as many examples of each principle as you can.

1) Explain the molecular mechanism of action of H1-receptor antagonists-

2) Explain the molecular mechanism of action of H2-receptor antagonists

1) Describe the pharmacological effects of H1-receptor antagonists.

2) Describe the pharmacological effects of H2-receptor antagonists.

3) Describe the metabolism and elimination of H1-receptor antagonists.-

4) Describe the metabolism and elimination of H2-receptor antagonists

1) Describe the main adverse effects of H1 an H2 receptor antagonists.

2) Describe the main contraindications of H1 an H2 receptor antagonists.

3) Describe the main therapeutic uses of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists.

An infant has an enlarged liver and spleen, cataracts and anaemia and exhibits general
retardation of development. Mevalonate is found in the urine. Investigation reveals a
deficiency of mevalonate kinase, which catalyses the formation of 5-
phosphomevalonate from mevalonate.
11.1. Urinary excretion of mevalonate acid is consistent with a deficiency of
mevalonate kinase. Explain the reason for the deficiency using your own

The mother of a close friend of yours is diagnosed with moderate osteoporosis. She is prescribed two hormones, or supplements, or drugs that affect hormones or supplements.

1.) Tell me two possibilities for these medications, and describe how they would help her osteoporosis. Note: I don’t expect you to know any drug names, I’m asking you for what TYPES of drugs.

2.) The mother of your close friend is also told to exercise. Why? Although many types of exercise are appropriate, why is swimming generally not recommended?

You’re lying on your couch watching The Walking Dead when you hear loud pounding at your front door. As you leap to your feet, preparing to run like hell for the back door, gravity pulls the blood out of your brain sending it towards your feet, causing you to see stars and nearly black out. Baroreceptors in your carotid artery detect the drop in blood pressure and signal the medulla oblongata via the glossopharyngeal nerve. The medulla stimulates sympathetic nerves which increase your heart rate, and your blood pressure begins to rise, just in time for you to remember that you ordered a pizza.

1.) List the components of a feedback loop (stimulus, receptor, control center, effector and response) and then identify which items in this scenario are associated with each component.

2.) Is this a positive or a negative feedback loop? Explain your answer.