How do neurons in the oculomotor nuclei signal amplitude versus direction of an eye movement?

Four months later, while eating dinner with her family, Mary felt a stabbing pain in her upper jaw and teeth that radiated out to the side of her nose. Over the next several days, she experienced several more episodes of this intense pain. A visit to the dentist revealed no abnormalities and she was referred to her doctor for an evaluation. Before visiting the doctor, she noticed that the symptoms were subsiding as they had previously, and she treated the pain with two daily doses of acetaminophen (1000 mg). Mary was symptom free for several months and was feeling herself again.

1) Using what you know about the neuroanatomy of this affected region, describe what nerve is involved (hint: this is a complex nerve, so be specific regarding the part that is affected) a. ORIGIN : Where does the nerve originate from? b. COURSE: What is the course of this nerve (what structures does it pass by and/or through?) c. FUNCTION: What is the normal function of this nerve?

Discuss strategies to improve learning styles for a kinesthetic learner; comment on brain structures and cranial nerves involved.

Choose whether the following blood vessels constricted, dilated, or remained the same as exercise began.

a. Arterioles supplying blood to the skeletal muscles will be (constricted-dilated-stayed the same)

b. Arterioles supplying blood to the kidneys will be (constricted-dilated-stayed the same)

c. Arterioles supplying blood to the skin will be (constricted-dilated-stayed the same)

d. Arterioles supplying blood to the cardiac muscle will be(constricted-dilated-stayed the same)

e. Veins carrying blood back from the legs will be( constricted-dilated-stayed the same)

1. Differentiate between arteries, veins, and capillaries.

2. Describe the three tunics of a typical blood vessel.

3. Describe the three types of arteries based on structure and function.

4. What are the three main arterial sense organs, what do they sense, and where are they found?

5. Describe the differences between a continuous capillary, a fenestrated capillary and a sinusoid.

6. What are precapillary sphincters?

7. Why are veins called the capacitance vessels?

8. Briefly describe the five type of veins:

   • • • • •

9. What is the simplest and most common circulatory route of blood?

10. What is the portal system, and how does it differ from the simplest circulatory route?

1. What is the coronary circulation?

2. What are the three main branches of the left coronary artery (LCA)? Where are they located on the heart surface (e.g. what part of the heart do they service)?

3. What are the two main branches of the right coronary artery (RCA)? Where are they located on the heart surface?

4. (a) What is a myocardial infarction? (b) What is its cause?

5. What is the medical significance of anastomoses in the coronary arterial system?

6. When do the coronary arteries obtain the greatest amount of blood to supply the heart: during heart contraction or heart relaxation? ___________________________________

7. (a) What are the three major coronary veins that empty into the coronary sinus? (b) Where does the coronary sinus empty the blood?

Discuss the similarities and differences in the behavioural and/or cognitive deficits that you might expect to occur after a stroke that resulted from occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery versus the right middle cerebral artery.

1. List any five specific areas of the body where neural block can be applied, with reference to the nerve targeted.
2. In a tabular form, List the bony landmarks and ligaments of the pelvic girdle proper per piece of bone (ilium, ischium, pubis).
3. Differentiate between the anococcygeal body and the perineal body.
4. List out the components of the male genital organs (internal and external).
5. List out the components of the female genital organs (internal and external, and ligaments around the uterus).

please need solution for these 5 questions

Chapter 12: The Endocrine System

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system?

a.
The organs of the endocrine system are widely dispersed in the body.
b.
All organs in the endocrine system are glands.
c.
Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts leading to body cavities.
d.
Endocrine glands produce hormones.

2. Which of the following is not true of a nonsteroid hormone?

a.
It is carried through the blood to the target organ cell.
b.
Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.
c.
It requires a second messenger.
d.
All of the above are true of nonsteroid hormones.

3. Which of the following is true of a steroid hormone?

a.
Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.
b.
It requires a second messenger.
c.
It converts ATP into cyclic AMP.
d.
All of the above are true of steroid hormones.

4. Which of the following statements is not true of prostaglandins?

a.
They can also be called tissue hormones.
b.
They function like nonsteroid hormones because they cause the production of cyclic AMP.
c.
They function like steroid hormones because they stimulate protein synthesis.
d.
They travel a much shorter distance than most hormones.

5. Which of the following is not true of luteinizing hormone?

a.
It is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
b.
Its target organ cells are in the ovaries.
c.
It stimulates ovulation.
d.
All of the above are true of luteinizing hormone.

6. ACTH

a.
causes the ovary to begin forming an egg follicle
b.
stimulates the production of adrenal cortex hormone
c.
stimulates the release of adrenaline
d.
has target organ cells in the thyroid gland

7. Acromegaly is caused by

a.
hypersecretion of ACTH
b.
hyposecretion of ACTH
c.
hypersecretion of growth hormone
d.
hyposecretion of growth hormone

8. Dwarfism can be caused by

a.
hypersecretion of ACTH
b.
hyposecretion of ACTH
c.
hypersecretion of growth hormone
d.
hyposecretion of growth hormone

9. Which of the following is not true of oxytocin?

a.
It is produced in the posterior pituitary gland.
b.
It causes the contractions of the uterus during labor.
c.
It is one of the few hormones that is regulated by a positive feedback loop.
d.
It stimulates “milk letdown” in nursing mothers.

10. The hypothalamus

a.
is composed of a glandular portion and a nerve portion
b.
produces ADH
c.
releases ADH
d.
is located in the sella turcica

11. Thyroxine

a.
has fewer iodine atoms than triiodothyronine
b.
stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone
c.
has more target cells than ADH
d.
All of the above are true of thyroxine.

12. Calcitonin

a.
is released by the parathyroid gland
b.
prevents hypercalcemia
c.
increases the calcium level in the blood
d.
can cause Graves disease if it is hypersecreted

13. An inadequate intake of iodine in the diet can

a.
lead to hyperthyroidism
b.
cause Graves disease
c.
cause exophthalmos
d.
cause a goiter

14. Which of the following is true of parathyroid hormone?

a.
It is made in the thyroid gland.
b.
It decreases the amount of calcium in the blood.
c.
It increases the amount of calcium in the blood.
d.
It stimulates the formation of bone.

15. Which of the following is not true of glucocorticoids?

a.
They are produced in the adrenal cortex.
b.
They help regulate the blood sodium and potassium level.
c.
They increase the amount of glucose in the blood through gluconeogenesis.
d.
They have an antiallergy effect.

16. Which of the following is not true of the adrenal medulla?

a.
It responds to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system.
b.
It helps produce the “fight-or-flight” response.
c.
It releases epinephrine.
d.
All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

17. Which of these is not a symptom of Cushing syndrome?

a.
moon face
b.
buffalo hump
c.
virilization in women
d.
All of the above are symptoms of Cushing syndrome.

18. Which of the following statements is true?

a.
The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete insulin.
b.
Hypersecretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus.
c.
Insulin causes an increase in the blood sugar level.
d.
Glucagon and insulin are antagonists of each other.

19. Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?

a.
It is located in the neck.
b.
It is composed of a cortex and a medulla.
c.
It produces thymosin.
d.
It is important in the body’s immune system.

20. Which of the following is not true of the pineal gland?

a.
It is located in the brain.
b.
It produces melatonin.
c.
It helps regulate the body’s “biological clock”.
d.
All of the above are true of the pineal gland.

21. Which of the following is not true of the pituitary gland?

a.
It is composed of two endocrine glands.
b.
Its posterior portion is called the adenohypophysis.
c.
It is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
d.
All of the above are true of the pituitary gland.

23. Which of the following is not true of the adrenal medulla?

a.
It is the inner portion of the adrenal gland.
b.
It secretes epinephrine.
c.
It is the target organ for ACTH.
d.
All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

Im looking for answers 1-23 if yu dont have the full answers please don't respond

• Identify a classification of articulation (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis).
• Define the classification of the joint
• List an example of at least two bones that form the articulation you identified
• And list at least one accessory structure (ligament, cartilage, etc.) associated with the bones/articulation you identified chose.

Dr. Singh asks the eye bank for more information about the donor. She finds out that the cornea donor was a previously healthy 30-year-old victim of a motorcycle crash who was on ventilator support for 4 days before his death. The donor’s corneas were harvested 3 days before the transplantations took place and were stored in a buffered medium containing 100 μg/mL gentamicin at 4°C.

How would you determine susceptibility of this P. aeruginosa to gentamicin?

1. Know how why EPO would be released, where its released from and what it does at its target site (production of RBCs to aid in O2 levels).

2. Be able to graph a neuronal action potential and show where the 2 phases are on the graph, the names of those phases and where the channels open or close on the graph. Also, are the ions flowing into or out of the cell.

In order to stay up all night to write the paper due tomorrow that she put off for the last month, Jillian takes Adderall, a powerful adrenergic agonist. What would be the impact on her stroke volume, heart rate and mean arterial pressure?

Describe 2 consequences in the body (think of organ or tissue damage) of high blood pressure.

A patient lost a lot of blood during surgery and his blood pressure dropped from 120/80 to 90/50. Given a drop in blood pressure, describe in detail and all steps of how the kidney renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system responds to this change in blood pressure. Include the four effect of angiotensin II. Name two medications that would block this pathway and where. (This is an incredibly important question for your exam! If handwritten, this question would fill most of the page.)