Question

In order to stay up all night to write the paper due tomorrow that she put off for the last month, Jillian takes Adderall, a powerful adrenergic agonist. What would be the impact on her stroke volume, heart rate and mean arterial pressure?

Describe 2 consequences in the body (think of organ or tissue damage) of high blood pressure.

A patient lost a lot of blood during surgery and his blood pressure dropped from 120/80 to 90/50. Given a drop in blood pressure, describe in detail and all steps of how the kidney renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system responds to this change in blood pressure. Include the four effect of angiotensin II. Name two medications that would block this pathway and where. (This is an incredibly important question for your exam! If handwritten, this question would fill most of the page.)

Answer 1

1.

• Adrenergic agonists act primarily in 1, which is predominant in the heart act on the pacemaker cells, conducting tissue and myocardium causing the increased force of contraction and heart rate and thus will increase cardiac output and the cardiac systole become shorter and more powerful so that cardiac efficiency is reduced.
• Also, it causes an increase in systolic pressure due to the increase in cardiac output and an increase in the contractile force. But there is a fall in the diastolic pressure due to the action on 2 receptors on blood vessels cause vasodilation as a result decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance. Thus, there is a fall in the mean arterial pressure.
• Thus, there is an increase in the stroke volume and heart rate and there is decrease in the mean arterial pressure.

2.

• An increase in blood pressure can lead to cardiac arrhythmia that is the condition that occurs due to the irregularity in the heart rate or irregularity in the origin of impulse and its conduction through the myocardium so that there is arterioventricular synchronized so that there is a disturbance in the normal functioning of the heart initially.
• And if the blood pressure rise and undetected, then it will lead to heart stroke and attack due to the damage of the arteries to increase in the workload due to the increase in the blood pressure thus prevents the blood supply to the body.
• Also, the increase in the blood pressure causes damage to the organs such as the kidney it impairs filtration, in the eye it causes strain, in sex organs can lead to sterility.