1. Differentiate between arteries, veins, and capillaries.

2. Describe the three tunics of a typical blood vessel.

3. Describe the three types of arteries based on structure and function.

4. What are the three main arterial sense organs, what do they sense, and where are they found?

5. Describe the differences between a continuous capillary, a fenestrated capillary and a sinusoid.

6. What are precapillary sphincters?

7. Why are veins called the capacitance vessels?

8. Briefly describe the five type of veins:

   • • • • •

9. What is the simplest and most common circulatory route of blood?

10. What is the portal system, and how does it differ from the simplest circulatory route?

1. What is the coronary circulation?

2. What are the three main branches of the left coronary artery (LCA)? Where are they located on the heart surface (e.g. what part of the heart do they service)?

3. What are the two main branches of the right coronary artery (RCA)? Where are they located on the heart surface?

4. (a) What is a myocardial infarction? (b) What is its cause?

5. What is the medical significance of anastomoses in the coronary arterial system?

6. When do the coronary arteries obtain the greatest amount of blood to supply the heart: during heart contraction or heart relaxation? ___________________________________

7. (a) What are the three major coronary veins that empty into the coronary sinus? (b) Where does the coronary sinus empty the blood?

Discuss the similarities and differences in the behavioural and/or cognitive deficits that you might expect to occur after a stroke that resulted from occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery versus the right middle cerebral artery.

1. List any five specific areas of the body where neural block can be applied, with reference to the nerve targeted.
2. In a tabular form, List the bony landmarks and ligaments of the pelvic girdle proper per piece of bone (ilium, ischium, pubis).
3. Differentiate between the anococcygeal body and the perineal body.
4. List out the components of the male genital organs (internal and external).
5. List out the components of the female genital organs (internal and external, and ligaments around the uterus).

please need solution for these 5 questions

Chapter 12: The Endocrine System

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system?

a.
The organs of the endocrine system are widely dispersed in the body.
b.
All organs in the endocrine system are glands.
c.
Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts leading to body cavities.
d.
Endocrine glands produce hormones.

2. Which of the following is not true of a nonsteroid hormone?

a.
It is carried through the blood to the target organ cell.
b.
Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.
c.
It requires a second messenger.
d.
All of the above are true of nonsteroid hormones.

3. Which of the following is true of a steroid hormone?

a.
Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.
b.
It requires a second messenger.
c.
It converts ATP into cyclic AMP.
d.
All of the above are true of steroid hormones.

4. Which of the following statements is not true of prostaglandins?

a.
They can also be called tissue hormones.
b.
They function like nonsteroid hormones because they cause the production of cyclic AMP.
c.
They function like steroid hormones because they stimulate protein synthesis.
d.
They travel a much shorter distance than most hormones.

5. Which of the following is not true of luteinizing hormone?

a.
It is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
b.
Its target organ cells are in the ovaries.
c.
It stimulates ovulation.
d.
All of the above are true of luteinizing hormone.

6. ACTH

a.
causes the ovary to begin forming an egg follicle
b.
stimulates the production of adrenal cortex hormone
c.
stimulates the release of adrenaline
d.
has target organ cells in the thyroid gland

7. Acromegaly is caused by

a.
hypersecretion of ACTH
b.
hyposecretion of ACTH
c.
hypersecretion of growth hormone
d.
hyposecretion of growth hormone

8. Dwarfism can be caused by

a.
hypersecretion of ACTH
b.
hyposecretion of ACTH
c.
hypersecretion of growth hormone
d.
hyposecretion of growth hormone

9. Which of the following is not true of oxytocin?

a.
It is produced in the posterior pituitary gland.
b.
It causes the contractions of the uterus during labor.
c.
It is one of the few hormones that is regulated by a positive feedback loop.
d.
It stimulates “milk letdown” in nursing mothers.

10. The hypothalamus

a.
is composed of a glandular portion and a nerve portion
b.
produces ADH
c.
releases ADH
d.
is located in the sella turcica

11. Thyroxine

a.
has fewer iodine atoms than triiodothyronine
b.
stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone
c.
has more target cells than ADH
d.
All of the above are true of thyroxine.

12. Calcitonin

a.
is released by the parathyroid gland
b.
prevents hypercalcemia
c.
increases the calcium level in the blood
d.
can cause Graves disease if it is hypersecreted

13. An inadequate intake of iodine in the diet can

a.
lead to hyperthyroidism
b.
cause Graves disease
c.
cause exophthalmos
d.
cause a goiter

14. Which of the following is true of parathyroid hormone?

a.
It is made in the thyroid gland.
b.
It decreases the amount of calcium in the blood.
c.
It increases the amount of calcium in the blood.
d.
It stimulates the formation of bone.

15. Which of the following is not true of glucocorticoids?

a.
They are produced in the adrenal cortex.
b.
They help regulate the blood sodium and potassium level.
c.
They increase the amount of glucose in the blood through gluconeogenesis.
d.
They have an antiallergy effect.

16. Which of the following is not true of the adrenal medulla?

a.
It responds to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system.
b.
It helps produce the “fight-or-flight” response.
c.
It releases epinephrine.
d.
All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

17. Which of these is not a symptom of Cushing syndrome?

a.
moon face
b.
buffalo hump
c.
virilization in women
d.
All of the above are symptoms of Cushing syndrome.

18. Which of the following statements is true?

a.
The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete insulin.
b.
Hypersecretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus.
c.
Insulin causes an increase in the blood sugar level.
d.
Glucagon and insulin are antagonists of each other.

19. Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?

a.
It is located in the neck.
b.
It is composed of a cortex and a medulla.
c.
It produces thymosin.
d.
It is important in the body’s immune system.

20. Which of the following is not true of the pineal gland?

a.
It is located in the brain.
b.
It produces melatonin.
c.
It helps regulate the body’s “biological clock”.
d.
All of the above are true of the pineal gland.

21. Which of the following is not true of the pituitary gland?

a.
It is composed of two endocrine glands.
b.
Its posterior portion is called the adenohypophysis.
c.
It is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
d.
All of the above are true of the pituitary gland.

23. Which of the following is not true of the adrenal medulla?

a.
It is the inner portion of the adrenal gland.
b.
It secretes epinephrine.
c.
It is the target organ for ACTH.
d.
All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

Im looking for answers 1-23 if yu dont have the full answers please don't respond

• Identify a classification of articulation (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis).
• Define the classification of the joint
• List an example of at least two bones that form the articulation you identified
• And list at least one accessory structure (ligament, cartilage, etc.) associated with the bones/articulation you identified chose.

Dr. Singh asks the eye bank for more information about the donor. She finds out that the cornea donor was a previously healthy 30-year-old victim of a motorcycle crash who was on ventilator support for 4 days before his death. The donor’s corneas were harvested 3 days before the transplantations took place and were stored in a buffered medium containing 100 μg/mL gentamicin at 4°C.

How would you determine susceptibility of this P. aeruginosa to gentamicin?

1. Know how why EPO would be released, where its released from and what it does at its target site (production of RBCs to aid in O2 levels).

2. Be able to graph a neuronal action potential and show where the 2 phases are on the graph, the names of those phases and where the channels open or close on the graph. Also, are the ions flowing into or out of the cell.

In order to stay up all night to write the paper due tomorrow that she put off for the last month, Jillian takes Adderall, a powerful adrenergic agonist. What would be the impact on her stroke volume, heart rate and mean arterial pressure?

Describe 2 consequences in the body (think of organ or tissue damage) of high blood pressure.

A patient lost a lot of blood during surgery and his blood pressure dropped from 120/80 to 90/50. Given a drop in blood pressure, describe in detail and all steps of how the kidney renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system responds to this change in blood pressure. Include the four effect of angiotensin II. Name two medications that would block this pathway and where. (This is an incredibly important question for your exam! If handwritten, this question would fill most of the page.)

List two effects on the heart and one effect on blood vessels when activating the sympathetic nervous system

How does radius affect blood flow and blood pressure?

Short-term mechanisms for regulating blood pressure include regulating what three things?

Long-term mechanisms will regulate ________________________________.

What hormones released from the adrenal gland impact blood vessels and/or blood pressure? _________________________________ and _________________________________

What is the stroke volume if cardiac output is 4.2 liters per minute and heart rate is 70 bpm?

5. Your friend keeps telling you that fatty acids are broken down to sugar in the body and used for energy. You disagree. In a simple explanation of metabolism, tell your friend why this idea is false. (1 point)

6. Vitamin B6 plays many roles in the body, but a very important one ensuring that we aren’t required to eat ALL amino acids directly in the diet. Explain how this works. (2 points)

67. Heat-fixed smears are steamed over boiling water with malachite green primary stain for this type of differential staining technique.
       
Capsule
       
Acid-fast
       
Endospore
       
Flagella

69. The production of all nitrogenous compounds begins with the process called nitrogen fixation.
True
False

72. Inflammation of the kidneys is called
       urethritis
       pyelonephritis
       cystitis
       vaginitis

76. Commercial sterilization involves:
       Killing all living organisms in the product to prevent disease
       Sanitizing the product to a level deemed safe for human health
       Heating the product to a temperature low enough to preserve food quality but high enough to destroy common pathogens such as Clostridium botulinum
       Heating the product to the point that 98% of the common pathogens are destroyed

86. Biofilms are complex communities of a variety of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoans) that interact through cell signaling and coordinated responses.
True
False

88. Perinatal infections include all the following EXCEPT
       Chlamydial pneumonia
       Cytomegalovirus
       Zika virus
       HIV
       West Nile Virus

1.Answer the following questions concerning leukocytes and macrophages. (a) Leukocytes and macrophages fall under which category—nonspecific or specific defense? Note that your textbook uses the terms nonspecific resistance and nonspecific defense interchangeably, and also uses the terms specific immunity and specific defense interchangeably. (b) Leukocytes and macrophages fall under which category—first, second, or third line of defense? (c) What is the difference between a monocyte and a macrophage?

2.(a) After a B cell is activated, it differentiates into what cells, and what do each of those cells do? (b) A given plasma cell produces antibodies with specificities for about how many different antigens? (c) How many binding sites are there on an antibody for an antigen? (d) There is a binding site on an antibody for what else in addition to antigen binding sites? (e) Do the binding sites on antibodies mentioned in parts (c) and (d) occur in the variable or constant regions of antibodies?

3.Answer the following questions concerning fever. (a) Is fever generally a beneficial or harmful phenomenon? Explain briefly. (b) What leukocytes play the largest role in generating fever? (c) Explain very briefly in your own words how aspirin and ibuprofen reduce fever. (d) Name two mechanisms that directly increase body temperature once the signals that initiate a fever are present. (e) Name two mechanisms that directly decrease body temperature once an infection is defeated.

Explain how each of the following will influence athletic success and respond to aerobic endurance training:

a. Muscle fiber type

b. Muscle fiber size

c. Muscle glycogen content