Look Out Below: A Case Study on Bone Tissue Structure and Repair An elderly patient arrived at the emergency room unconscious after an accident in which a heavy overhead shelf struck her arm. Upon auscultation, a large open wound on her arm was evident with what appears to be bone tissue sticking out of the skin. She also has bruises covering her left shoulder, left wrist, and lower back. To determine the extent of her injuries the patient undergoes several x-rays, which reveal the following:

5. Most connective tissue, including bone, is highly vascular. Which anatomical structures in the patient’s compact bone house blood vessels?

6. What term is used to describe the addition of new bone tissue? Identify which bone cell is responsible for this process and explain how it occurs.

7. What makes up the organic and inorganic portions of the bone’s extracellular matrix (ECM)? 8. Describe the structure of an osteon.

Discussion:

Further diagnostic tests on the patient revealed a lack of estrogen and calcium. Elaborate on how these factors may have made the injury worse. In normal conditions, what would be the response to falling calcium levels? Post your response and respond to two of your classmates using at least 3-5 sentences to receive full credit (10 points).

explain the following Neurotransmitters:
i. Serotonin
ii. Histamine
iii. Dopamine ( 5 marks each )
iv. Glycine
v. Glutamate
vi. Gama amino butyric acid (GABA)
vii. Nitric oxide (NO)

As a degree nurse on the ward you explained to a diploma student nurse, that in human,
all vital processes occur in a single cell. If she cares to know more, how would you answer
the questions below to her understanding?
a. What is a cell (1 mark)
b. With a well labeled diagram describe the human cell
c. Explain four functions of the human cell membrane
(Total Marks:

Choose a developmental domain covered in Module 2 (motor, self-care, cognitive). Provide a rationale for why development in this area is important for overall child development. Provide three strategies you would recommend caregivers implement at home to advance their childrens' skills in the chosen developmental domain.

What advantages might there be for infants to be born with more nerve cells (neurons) than they actually need or use?  

Think of language, for example. When a human infant is born, he/she has to ability to learn to speak any language that humans speak however, as the infant grows and is exposed to one predominant language in his/her home, this becomes the language that the child learns to speak. The child sounds like other native speakers of his/her language. Later, if the person decides to take a foreign language in high school, he/she will most likely sound like a foreign speaker when speaking the newly learned language or for some students, learning a foreign language is a rather difficult task.

In later life, if a person has a cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or what people in the community call "a stroke", and this person speaks more than one language, after the CVA, she/he will more likely be able to speak basically the first language learned. The second, third, etc. languages the person learned, will typically be very difficult for this person.

Example: Elisita was born into a Spanish speaking family in Mexico . Her parents spoke only Spanish in the home, as did Elisita's siblings and other relatives. Very few of Elisita's neighbors spoke English therefore Elisita was never exposed to the sound of English as a baby/toddler. When Elisita was two years of age, her family migrated to Chicago, Illinois. At age five, Elisita was enrolled in a public school where she was exposed to the English language at least six hours per day. She learned to speak English quite well. When Elisita was age sixty-nine, due to uncontrolled high blood pressure, she suffered a cerebral vascular accident. With some speech therapy she was able to recover a great deal of her Spanish language skills, but her ability to speak English was impaired.  

listing the glial cells in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Discuss the functions of each cell.

what are major hormones secreted by the digestive organs and their functions?

LBeginning at the pinna and ending at the cochlea, list the structures involved in sound production and discuss their roles.

Name and describe all the methods used by the skin to protect the body against pathogens.

(1200 word report) Give an overview of the biochemical events that occur at the start point of the running race (that is, before the runner has commenced running), after 5 minutes and after 45 minutes, in terms of:

● the processes involved in the mobilisation and/or use of both types of fuels (carbohydrates and lipids).

● a brief overview of the biochemical pathways used to degrade these fuel molecules

● a comparison of the yield of ATP for both fuels

Please answer all parts of this question for both parts!!

Prompt:

In our study of the skeletal system this week it should be readily apparent to you how important synovial joints are in the normal function of the human body. This week you will pick two synovial joints to discuss. Pick one from each category below. For each selected joint you should provide the following information: the movements that are possible at that joint (use appropriate anatomical terminology), identification of the bones, bony features, and soft tissue structures (ligaments, tendons) that are involved in that joint, and a brief discussion of the associated clinical correlation provided for each. Your discussion of the clinical correlation MUST include a summary of the expected functional deficit that would be produced by the condition.

Choose two of the following synovial joints to discuss, one from each list:

GROUP 1

Knee - ACL tear

Hip - Labral tear

Elbow - “Nursemaid’s” elbow

Shoulder - Rotator cuff injury

GROUP 2

Metacarpal-phalaengeal joint - Osteoarthritis

Thumb - “Texter’s thumb”

Ankle - Ankle fracture

Jaw - TMJ syndrome

Explain why the combination of treatment with an antagonist to norepinephrine and treatment with a VIP agonist would be the most effective way to increase blood flow to the genitals.

What would happen to a pregnancy if you removed the corpus luteum during the initial stages of concepts development? Explain why.

What would happen to a pregancy if you prevented hCG levels from rising during the initial stages of conceptus development? Explain why

Explain why the combination of treatment with an antagonist to norepinephrine and treatment with a VIP agonist would be the most effective way to increase blood flow to the genitals.