1. Reticular fibers:

1. Are abundant in the framework of hematopoietic organs.
2. Are PAS stain positive.
3. Are abundant in the network of the thymus.
4. All of the above are true.
5. Only a + c are true.

2. Osteoclasts:

1. Are giant cells as large as 100 micrometer in diameter.
2. May contain as many as 50 Nuclei.
3. Are frequently located in Howship's Lacunae.
4. All of the above are true.
5. Only a + c are true.

3. Lymph Nodes:

1. Range in size from about 1mm to about 1 – 2 cm.
2. Are bean – shaped.
3. Have a connective tissue capsule.
4. All of the above are true.
5. Only b + c are true.

1. What separates the hindgut from the developing urinary system.
2. How is the anal canal formed and why does its 2 halves have different blood supplies and nerve innervation?
3. Discuss the development and rotation of the stomach.
4. Discuss how the pancreas ( and its duct system) forms.
5. What are the embryological precursors for the liver, gallbladder and bile duct?
6. Discuss the development of the midgut. Which adult derivative develops from which limb of the primary intestinal loop?

no figure needed.

• The Instructor will assign ten      (10) drug cards per week, in specific areas. Each card will be worth 1      point. You will not receive the points for the cards if they are not submitted      within the week when due.
• Cards must be handwritten,      legible, and on ruled index cards.
• All information required on the      card must be completed or you will not receive the point for the card.
• The following information must      be on the Drug Card for Each Drug:
  • Generic and Trade /Brand Names       ( American Only )
  • Classifications:
    • Therapeutic
    • Pharmacological
  • Indications/Uses
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse reactions by all       systems
  • Safe dosage range
  • 3 nursing implications
  • Action

• Atenolol
• 2. Metoprolol
• 3. Cogentin
• 4. Hyoscyamine
• 5. Atrovent
• 6. Oxybutynin
• 7. Scopalamine
• 8. Detrol
• 9. Isosorbide
• 10. Flomax

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1.Discuss the relevance of clinical measures in the practice of physiotherapy.

2.Discuss five (5) criteria to consider when choosing a clinical measure.

3.Mr Kofi is a 50 year old man who has suffered stroke. He has not been able to communicate since the stroke episode. He is currently in the hospital intensive care. His assessment shows he has so much pain in the left shoulder especially during passive movement. Explain how you will assess and quantify his pain.

4.You are managing a patient who fractured his left femur. The fracture has been reduced and patient is expected to start ambulating as he has been in bed for too long. However, he is not expected to bear weight on the left lower limb.

5.Which ambulatory device will you prescribe and what is your rationale for prescribing that?

6.What physical assessments will you carry out prior to ambulating the patient?
Explain why the assessments in (b) are relevant.

Moral dilemma:It is easy to say, but not do. would you encourage organ donation to your friends and family? How hard do you think it would be if it was someone you loved that could be a donor? 230-250 word discussion

Describe one form of glutamate synaptic plasticity which is thought to be important for the reduction of CRH neuron activity following stress.

The case of "I can't catch my breath"

John, a healthy twenty-eight year old electrical engineer, was driving home from work one evening when he experienced sudden stabbing pain in his right pectoral and right lateral axillary regions. He began to feel out of breath and both his respiratory rate and heart rate increased dramatically. As luck would have it, John passed a hospital each day on his way home and was able to get himself to the hospital’s emergency room. The emergency room physician listened to John’s breathing with a stethoscope and requested blood gas analysis and a chest x-ray. John answered a few of the doctor’s questions. The doctor noted that John had no history of respiratory problems but was a heavy smoker.

After viewing the chest radiograph, the doctor informed John that he had experienced a spontaneous pneumothorax, or what is commonly called a collapsed lung. The doctor explained that a hole had opened in John’s right lung and that this hole had allowed air to leak into the cavity surrounding the lung. Then, as a result of the lung’s own elastic nature, the lung had collapsed. The doctor said he could not be certain of the cause of the pneumothorax, but smoking cigarettes had certainly increased the likelihood of it happening. He told John he was fortunate the pneumothorax was small, which meant that relatively little air had escaped from the lung into the surrounding cavity, and it should heal on its own. He instructed John to quit smoking, avoid high altitudes, flying in non pressurized aircraft, and scuba diving. He also had John make an appointment for a re-check and another chest x-ray.

Case Background

Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs when a blister on the surface of the lung opens, allowing air from the lung to move into the pleural cavity. This occurs because alveolar pressure is normally greater than the pressure in the pleural cavity. As air escapes from the lung, the lung tissues will recoil, and the lung will begin to collapse. The lung will continue to collapse until the difference between the alveolar pressure and pleural pressure disappears or until the collapsing of the lung causes the opening to seal.

The pneumothorax decreases the efficiency of the respiratory system, which in turn results in decreased blood oxygen concentration, increased respiratory rate, and increased heart rate. If the pneumothorax is small, the air that escapes into the pleural cavity can be reabsorbed into the lung once the opening has sealed shut. If the pneumothorax is large, a needle or chest tube may have to be inserted into the pleural cavity to draw the air out and allow for the re expansion of the lung.

Utilizing the med terms you learned this week answer the following questions

Why was John instructed to avoid high altitudes and flying in non pressurized aircraft?

That is, what are the effects of high altitudes on the respiratory system?

Sonographic differential diagnosis of a male with painful left submandibullar swelling

You will provide a story based on the cranial nerves. You should tell the story of a complex action that involves at least 6 of the twelve cranial nerves (for example, drinking a cup of tea). Your story should include a clear description of an every day action and clearly identify the cranial nerves involved and the role that they play.

Edit: Should be understandable now :)

the morphological changes that occurs in an organ determine the clinical features, course, and prognosis of the disease discuss