Describe briefly the following techniques in: a. phytoextraction. b. Rhizo filtration c. Phytostabilization d. Phyto-volatization e. Phyto-transformation

A) In the experiment, you have measured hormones Gastrin, Cholecystokinin (CCK), Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP), Secretin, and Motilin over a 2 hour period following consumption of both meals. Describe any changes (i.e. increase, decrease or no change in hormone levels) following consumption of the two different meals (High Fat and High Protein).

B) For the hormone(s) that were identified as increasing in response to the meal, explain:

• The mechanism(s) behind their secretion (i.e. what is the stimuli for their secretion) (2.5 marks)
• What is their role when secreted? (2.5 marks)

After the experiment, the researchers discovered that one participant in the high fat group was currently taking two prescribed drugs: orlistat (lipase inhibitor) and colestipo (bile acid sequestrant) and one participant in the high protein group was currently taking a prescribed proton pump inhibitor (reduce stomach acid production).

Question 2. Identify which hormone(s) listed above are impacted by the prescribed drug/medication for each respective meal and explain the impact (i.e. does the prescribed drug/medication affect the release and/or action of the hormone?)

- Orlistat and colestipo and a high fat meal

- Proton pump inhibitor and a high protein meal

Explain what would happen to the function of the kidney if the Loop of Henle began to shrink? Specifically, describe (with justification) what would happen to reabsorption capabilities of the kidney? (4 marks) Describe what would happen to the countercurrent mechanism and the ability to concentrate urine (with justification)?

1. Anabelle is a 70-year old female with a history of atrial fibrillation. This condition puts her at risk for an embolic stroke. Her physician prescribed her the “blood thinner” coumadin. Her physician advised her to limit her intake of kale, spinach and similar vegetables. Why was she given this advice? What test must she have routinely done to assure therapeutic levels of this medication. What is the mechanism of action for coumadin?

1) The Granulosa cells secrete *

A) Estrogen and Inhibin

B) Progesterone

C) Testosterone

D) Lutenizing hormone

E) Estrogen only

2) When Estrogen is low (below moderate levels), this causes an increased secretion of? *

A) ADH

B) Prolactin

C) GnRH

D) TRH

E) All the above

3) When Estrogen is low (below moderate levels), this typically occurs during which phase of the female reproductive cycle?

A) Menstruation

B) Preovulation

C) Ovulation

D) Postovulation

E) All the above

4) Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum when the oocyte has been fertilized and will be at high concentration in the blood and urine?

A) Estrogen and Inhibin

B) Progesterone

C) B HCG

D) Lutenizing hormone

E) estrogen only

5) Daily administration of oral contraceptive pills (moderate estrogen levels) will keep FSH and LH at_________________ levels of the females 28 day reproductive cycle?

A) high

B) low

C) remain the same

D) none of the above

E) all of the above

6) This form of birth control is cost effective and prevents sperm from being ejaculated from the male? *

a) tubal ligation

b) vasectomy

c) oral contraceptive pills

d) abstinence

e) all of the above

7) What do interstitial cells secrete?

a) testosterone

b) progesterone

c) estrogen

d) androgen binding protein

e) none of the above are correct

8) A function(s) of the estrogen is:

a) develop follicles

b) develop the lining of the uterus

c) develop the breast of the female

d) develop bone

e) all of the above are correct

9) The lutenizing hormone surge which occurs mid cycle of the females reproductive cycle (menstrual cycle) will cause:

a) the graffian follicle to rupture

b) the primary follicle to rupture

c) the development of primary follicles only

d) the development of breast only

e) all of the above are correct

USE YOUR OWN WORDS,200 WORDS AT LEAST :

Connective tissue is the most diverse of all the tissue types. Why do you think that is?

Why do you think blood and lymph are classified as a type of connective tissue?

Following a CT scan a large lesion can be seen in the periphery of the lower right lobe. The CT scan also shows that there are metastases in the brain and bones. Anna has never smoked.

Using the information decide which NSCLC lung cancer type is most likely for Anna.

How do neurons in the oculomotor nuclei signal amplitude versus direction of an eye movement?

Four months later, while eating dinner with her family, Mary felt a stabbing pain in her upper jaw and teeth that radiated out to the side of her nose. Over the next several days, she experienced several more episodes of this intense pain. A visit to the dentist revealed no abnormalities and she was referred to her doctor for an evaluation. Before visiting the doctor, she noticed that the symptoms were subsiding as they had previously, and she treated the pain with two daily doses of acetaminophen (1000 mg). Mary was symptom free for several months and was feeling herself again.

1) Using what you know about the neuroanatomy of this affected region, describe what nerve is involved (hint: this is a complex nerve, so be specific regarding the part that is affected) a. ORIGIN : Where does the nerve originate from? b. COURSE: What is the course of this nerve (what structures does it pass by and/or through?) c. FUNCTION: What is the normal function of this nerve?