Describe representative examples of cranial reflexes that produce somatic responses or visceral responses to specific stimuli.

Anatomy absorbs x-rays based on the density of the structure (subject thickness). Considering your understanding of how black, grey, clear and white tones (radiolucent and radiopaque) are created on an x-ray film, Why do some anatomical structures appear black, and others clear or white? Why do some structures allow more x-rays to pass through and energize the film crystals, while others do not?

1) all human today are descended from -------------?

2) early man came to the Americas from the continent of ----------?

3) --------------societies place a high value on women sexual faithfulness

4) cows were first domesticated by -----------------people.

What is the relationship between the following?:

The following systems are rated from fastest to slowest for rate of ATP production:

1. ATP-PCr System
2.Glycolysis (Lactic Acid System) ,
3.Oxidative Metabolism (Lipids and/or Carbohydrates)

The following systems are rated from largest to smallest for volume of ATP production:
1.Glycolysis (Lactic Acid System),
2.Oxidative Metabolism (Lipids and/or Carbohydrates)
3.ATP-PCr System

1. The glomerular capillaries of nephron are associated with:

1. pH adjustment
2. Osmosis of water
3. Filtration
4. Reabsorption of nutrients

2. Urine is stored in:

1. Urinary bladder
2. Urethra
3. Ureter
4. Bowman’s capsule

3. The kidney secretes ___________ to increase blood pressure:

1. Renin
2. Angiotensinogen
3. Angiotensin I
4. Angiotensin converting enzyme

4. Which enzyme converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

1. Renin
2. Angiotensinogen converting enzyme
3. Secretin
4. aldosterone

5. Targets of angiotensin II are blood vessels and _________:

1. Adrenal medulla
2. Pituitary gland
3. Adrenal cortex
4. Nerves

1. Which of following is not secreted by anterior pituitary?

1. Thyroid stimulating hormone
2. FSH
3. Oxytocin
4. ACTH

2. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by:

1. Anterior pituitary
2. Posterior pituitary
3. Hypothalamus
4. Kidneys

3. Posterior pituitary produces following hormones:

1. Oxytocin & prolactin
2. FSH & TSH
3. Oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
4. Insulin & ADH

4. Which of following hormones lowers blood glucose levels?

1. Insulin
2. Thyroid hormones
3. Calcitonin
4. FSH

5. What controls anterior pituitary gland?

1. Hypothalamus
2. Thalamus
3. Chemical signals from cerebrospinal fluid
4. Peripheral nervous system

Explain how bone remodeling maintains normal bone integrity for adults

How does the length of the wire affect the conduction of electricity? How is this problem dealt with in biological systems such as long nerves (eg nerves that have to reach to your toes)?

1. Which type of gland secretes hormones directly into blood system?

1. Exocrine
2. Endocrine
3. Target
4. Serous

2. ACTH from anterior pituitary stimulates secretion of ___________ from adrenal gland:

1. Cortisol
2. FSH
3. Estrogen
4. LH

3. _____________hormone secreted from parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels in body fluids:

1. Parathyroid hormone
2. Thyroxin
3. Calcitonin
4. Epinephrine

4. Two hormones produced by pancreas are _________ & ____________:

1. Insulin ; FSH
2. Insulin thyroxin
3. Insulin ; glucagon
4. Calcitonin ; insulin

5. ______________promotes water retention by the kidneys:

1. Growth hormone
2. FSH
3. LH
4. ADH

Identify the location and function of each term.

Fetal Circulation

Ductus arteriosus/Ligamentum arteriosum

Foramen Ovale/foramen ovalis

Ductus venosus/Ligamentum venosum

Umbilical vein/Ligamentum teres

Umbilical arteries/Medial umbilical ligaments

Umbilical cord

i've a presentation about Metabolism changes in Hypothyroidism & Hyperthyroidism. (I don't want to define them)

please I want detailed information with their reference

Explain the mechanism involved in the use of the dialysis machine

with references

1. Gastrin is secreted by;

1. Small intestine
2. Liver
3. Pancreas
4. Stomach

2. Hormone secretin:

1. Converts trypsinogen to trypsin
2. Stimulates release of pancreatic juices
3. Inhibits release of pancreatic juices
4. Stimulates secretion of bicarbonate from pancreas into duodenum

3. ____________is a proteolytic enzyme in pancreatic juices:

1. Trypsin
2. Amylase
3. Nuclease
4. Gastrin

4. Chief cells of stomach epithelium secretes:

1. Pepsinogen
2. HCl
3. Mucus
4. Gastrin

5. Fats, proteins and carbohydrates are digested in:

1. Small intestine
2. Stomach
3. Liver
4. Large intestine

6. Pyloric sphincter connects ___________ to ____________:

1. Small intestine; large intestine
2. Esophagus; stomach
3. Stomach; small intestine
4. Liver; gall bladder

How does your body alter driving pressure? Do you think altering pressure is more or less effective at regulating blood flow than changing vessel radius?