Compare the movement thru a capillary (what is it called?) to that thru the aorta (surgy)and thru a small artery/arteriole (continuous) and explain what is responsible for those differences

List the muscle(s) that pronate the forearm.

Examine the ramifications of spleen removal.

Fred and Mary were working in the library and were asked to shift textbooks from one shelf to another. Fred asked Mary to hold out her hands so he could stack several books on her arms to carry multiple books at once. Fred noticed when he placed a textbook on Mary’s arms they would extend downward slightly for a moment and then return quickly to the original position, this happened with each additional textbook he added. Mary was surprised by this as she didn’t feel as if she was voluntarily restoring her arm position. When Fred placed a 5th very heavy textbook onto the stack in Mary’s arms her arms relaxed and all the text books fell to the floor, Mary insisted she didn’t drop the books purposefully but did feel the load was becoming too heavy for her to maintain her arm position.

1a) Which reflex is first being elicited as Fred adds each book to Mary’s arms to enable Mary to maintain her arm position? Provide a description of this neural reflex pathway, including the stimulus, receptor, neural pathway, effector and response. You may use a diagram if you wish.

1b) As Fred added the 5th textbook the increased load caused Mary’s arms to relax. Which sensory receptor was activated here and what is this detecting in the muscle? How does this result in Mary dropping the books?

1. One can increases their anaerobic threshold through aerobic endurance training. If aerobic athletes add strength training to their training routine, is this effective for increasing the anaerobic threshold?

Micro-computed tomography

1. How does this technique work and what does it measure?
2. What equipment is required for this technique?
3. How is the experiment/measurement performed?
4. What do the typical results look like? (you may want to include images here)  

An elderly relative or friend is worried about an upcoming hip replacement surgery. They aren't very internet savvy, nor do they trust "all that technology stuff." Plus, "this surgeon doesn't know about all my other health issues and medications like my doctor do." Describe the person you are helping through this situation: what specific topics would you discuss with them with regards to technology in medicine to ease their worries? How would you help them learn about the risks and benefits of the procedure, how the procedure is done, and how their recovery will be handled?

1. For Bone histomorphometry
   1. How does this technique work and what does it measure?
   2. What equipment is required for this technique?
   3. How is the experiment/measurement performed?
   4. What do the typical results look like? (you may want to include images here)  

for a blood volume of 5L and a cardiac output of 5L/ minute, what is the circulation time, that is to say, the average time required for a blood cell to pass completely around the systemic and pulmonary circuits?

a. same question above for a shrew?

b. what about an exercising shrew?

a person has a resting tidal volume of .5L, an expiratory reserve volume of 1 L, a residual volume of 1.5L and a vital capacity of 5L. About 150ml of the tidal volume represents dead space and 350 ml represents alveolar ventilation. at the end of a normal expiration, 2500 ml of alveolar gas remains in the alveoli and airways (the function residual capacity) In the subsequent inspiration, this volume is mixed with 359 ml of inspirer air to give a total of 2850 ml.

a. what proportion of the original alveolar gas remains in the alveoli after this one breath?

b. why is this value important?

c. what proportion is left on renewed after another breath?

16. Which of the following statements concerning alveoli would be correct? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY!!

a. Pulmonary surfactant of the alveoli is secreted by Type II alveolar cells.

b. When intra-alveolar pressure becomes greater than atmospheric pressure expiration will occur.

c. The walls of the alveoli are very thin and are surrounded by a network of capillaries so that air and blood are separated by only a very thin respiratory membrane.

d. Alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the lungs. e. The wall of the alveoli is composed primarily of simple squamous epithelium.

Special Senses:

What so special about the "Special Senses".

Why do we call General Senses general and Special Senses Special??