No plagiarizing please

”1. Explain the digestion that occurs in the oral cavity.”

”2. What is the function of the liver in digestion? ”

”3. What role does the gallbladder play in digestion? ”

4. Why is the orientation of the muscle of the stomach wall important? How does this contribute to its function?

When someone is trying to lose weight, the approach that generally has the best outcome in the long-term is slow, moderate weight loss with an emphasis on forming new habits for life and making small changes that are manageable and tolerable, such as eating a salad before each meal and adding 10 minutes of exercise each day as a starting point. Extreme diets which restrict or cut out whole food groups (low carb diets, low fat diets) can produce fast results but people on these diets tend to gain the weight back over time.

Outline and evaluate how deep and cortical brain structures contribute to processes associated with attention

how does contrast affect the diagnostic quality of radiographs?
what setting would directly affect contrast?
what is the difference between high and low contrast?
when would we want radiographs with low contrast?
when would we want radiographs with high contrast?

Which of the following is a mechanism of the Adaptive Body Defenses?

a.) Physical barrier mechanisms

b.) Cell-Mediated Response

c.) Inflammation

d.) a and c

Identify and describe antibodies main purpose and how they function. What do antibodies react to and how are they created?

Explain how nervous signal transmission is propagated along the axon and what happens when the signal reaches its effector organ or tissue. In your discussion include a brief explanation of the refractory period. How can a signal be made stronger?

Distinguish the contractile units of cardiac and smooth muscle cells at the molecular level..

Which off the following does NOT occur during skeletal muscle contraction?

Titin fibers compress

Actin and myosin shorten

Sarcomers shorten

2. Action potential propagated along the sarcolemma stimulate ___________ located on transverse tubules.2.

Nicotinic receptors

Ryanodine receptors

DHP receptors

3. Which of the following does not occur during the "Excitation" of a skeletal muscle?

Group of answer choices

The cell membrane depolarizes

ATPase on myosin heads split ATP

The myosin head binding site on actin is exposed

The passive force of contraction increases

4. What happens as an IMMEDIATE result of Ryanodine receptors on the sarcoplasmic reticulum being stimulate?

Ryanodine receptors simulate DHP receptors on T-tubules

Myosin cross bridges are formed

Calcium ions diffuse out of the saroplasmic reticulum

5. Why does lactic acid produced during anaerobic metabolism cause fatigue?

Because H+ from lactic acid interfers with crossbridge formation

Because lactic acid produced duirng anaerobic metabolism produces only 2 molecules of ATP

Because the myosin head is denature by lactic aci

Based on your knowledge of sympathetic modulation of heart function explain why beta blockers may be effective in combating hypertension (4 pts):

How does the axon of a neuron establish resting potential? Explain the roles of the three proteins. Where are ions?

1. Calcium ions bind to ___________ on the thin filament, which leads to the exposure of myosin binding sites on actin.

A.) tropomyosin
B.) titin
C.) dystrophin
D.) troponin
E.) actin

2. Release of ACh

A.) decreases the positive charge on the sarcolemma.
B.)reduces the exposure of actin binding sites.
C.) lowers the threshold of the muscle fiber.
D.)increases permeability of the motor end plate to sodium ions.
E.) decreases the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

3. All of the following are needed to produce a skeletal muscle contraction, except __________.
       
A.) calcium ions in the sarcoplasm
B.) sodium ions entering the cell at the NMJ
C.) acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft
D.) ATP
E.) acetylcholinesterase activity

4. Stronger skeletal muscle contractions may be brought about by ____.

A.) increasing resting sarcomere length to allow only slight overlap between thick and thin filaments.
B.) recruiting more motor units
C.) stimulating the smallest muscle fibers
D.) decreasing the frequency of stimulation so the fibers can recover between cycles and produce more ATP.

5. All of the following occur during muscle contraction, except ____________________.

A.) the A band widens
B.) the I bands narrow
C.) the sarcomere shortens
D.) the H zone narrows
E.) the Z discs move towards the M line

By performing relevant research, provide the precise definition for each of the following items/variables. Physiology of sport and exercise.

• Hematocrit
• Arterial-venous oxygen difference
• Venous return
• Fick equation

Steve is a member of the West Coast Eagles football team. During practice, he suffered a high impact collided with a team-mate and injured the anterior compartment of his thigh. As a result of the collision, his quadriceps femoris muscle were compressed against the femur, resulting in quadriceps contusion or ‘cork thigh’

Explain what happens to the muscle compartment following such injuries

6) Which chamber of the peniss fills with very little blood during the erection process? Why doesn’t this section fill as much as the other chambers? (2 points)

7) Select all of the following that are functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system. (2 points)

A) Spermatocyte creation

B) Supplying nutrients for gamete motility

C) Moving fluids along the reproductive tract

D) Buffer production

E) Hormone secretion for fertility regulation

8) Which of the following could be issues caused by dysfunctional interstitial cells of the testes in an adult male? Select all that apply. (2 points)

A) Low sperm cell production

B) Increased levels of GnRH in the blood

C) No formation of the male reproductive structures

D) A lack of growth plate ossification

E) Lower energy levels in the body

9) Regular steroid injections of testosterone would cause which of the following to occur? (1 point)

A) Decreased sex drive

B) Decreased levels of GnRH

C) Increased levels of LH and FSH

D) All of the answers are correct.

E) None of the answers is correct.

10) Select all of the following that will result from a vasectomy procedure. (1 point)

A) Sterility

B) Lack of ejaculation

C) Increased muscle mass

D) A surge in testosterone production

E) Decreased erection capabilities

11) Which of the following statements concerning oogenesis is true? (1 point)

A) Oogenesis begins after birth

B) Ova develop from stem cells called oogenesis

C) An ovum completes its last mitosis after it is fertilized

D) About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty

E) By the time of their birth, girls have already lost about 80 percent of their oocytes

12) Select all of the following that are true of the vagina. (1 point)

A) Loses its inner lining during menses

B) Has a cervix for connection to the uterus

C) Holds sperm before their movement to the uterus

D) Is the lower region of the birth canal

E) Assists in urine movement via the urethra