During replication of the viral genome, distinct classes of nucleic acids are produced that are different than those normally present in an uninfected cell. Many of these are recognized as PAMPs. What are the unique features of foreign nucleic acids that are recognized by innate receptors? Identify and describe one of these receptors, its cognate nucleic acid ligand, and the general mechanism by which it alters gene expression.

Provide one or two sentence descriptions to indicate the key functions of the following hematopoietic and lymphoid organs/tissues:

A. Bone marrow
B. Thymus
C. Spleen
D. Lymph nodes
E. MALT

A patient is diagnosed with pancreatitis and experienced excruciating pain. Briefly describe the underlying causes and how this situation complicates the digestive process.

1) Describe the structure and function of a sphincter. State the names and locations of the sphincter in GI tract
2) what are the functions of the following
a) mesentery
b)mesocolon
c)falciform ligament
d)greater omentum

Draw and label the action potential. Indicate steps 1-7 at each point of the Action Potential. Then tell me what happens at each point. Tell me why it is important to know the steps of the Action Potential and how it works, and what it does in the body.

Insertion of aquaporins in tubular epithelial cells results from the actions of _____on the_____:

Group of answer choices

renin, adrenal cortex

norepinephrine, loop of Henle

angiotensin, vascular smooth muscle

vasopressin (ADH), collecting ducts

aldosterone, proximal tubule

#1: List 3 hormones that are involved in the digestive system and give their site of origin, what they do and what are their targets.

#2: The kidney regulates blood pressure. List 3 hormones that are involved in regulating one’s blood pressure. Give their site of origin, what they do and what are their targets

1. The afferent arteriole supplies blood to:

1. Renal artery
2. Glomerular capillaries
3. Efferent arterioles
4. Bowman’s capsule

2. After filtration of blood in renal corpuscle, urine flow in nephron is as follows:

1. Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
2. Loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, distal convoluted tubule
3. Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, collecting duct, distal convoluted tubule
4. Loop of Henle, peritubular duct, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

3. As a result of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system:

1. Aldosterone is secreted from pituitary gland
2. Arteriolar vasoconstriction occurs and blood pressure increases
3. ADH is produced by adrenal cortex
4. Arteriolar vasodilation occurs and blood pressure decreases

4. Which of the following increases the rate of glomerular filtration?

1. Decrease in blood pressure
2. Increase in blood pressure
3. Vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole
4. Vasodilation of efferent arteriole

5. The glomerular capillaries of nephron are associated with:

1. pH adjustment
2. Osmosis of water
3. Filtration
4. Reabsorption of nutrients

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Identify and briefly explain five factors that affect a persons basal metabolic rate.

2. Explain what determines the rate of digestion of the energy nutritients.

3. Identify and give an example of thirteen factors which influence food choices.

4. List three different methods of obtaining food intake data and describe the major uses, advantages, and limitations of each

Describe how the tissue responds to each of the following stimuli. Be sure to include the underlying mechanism—don’t just tell me a stimulus will result in contraction, tell me HOW the stimulus will result in contraction. I will focus on the mechanism on the exam!

Elevated extracellular K+

K+ inhibitor (Barium Chloride)

The endocrine system is a powerful system because it controls the hormones. Hormones circulate in the blood stream and control various parts of the human body. If a person has an abnormal hormone level, how can we find out that there levels are abnormal besides looking at their appearance? If a woman only produces a minimal amount of oxytocin, how can this affect her during childbirth? Also indicate where oxytocin is made and what part of the body releases oxytocin into the blood stream. What other options does the doctor have in order to successfully deliver this baby?

Write and describe about the important of Protein and Amino Acids Test in healthcare or industry.

Note: The report must not exceed 3 pages minimum (NOT include references), type of test, purposes and the important of the test with reliable references

subject biochemestry

There can be more than one right answer

12. Renin

A. increases Na+ reabsorption

B. is released by JG cells when macula densa cells detect slower flow of NaCL thorough the distal convoluted tubule

C. is released by JG cells when the pressure in the afferent arteriole increases

D. stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

13. Which of the following changes will lead to a decrease in Na+ reabsorption?

A. decreased stroke volume

B. dilation of afferent arterioles

C. decreased paracrine agent delivered to JG cells by macula densa

D. less angiotensinogen secreted by the liver

E. less ANP secreted by the atria

How can someone have a high vo2 max but a low lactate threshold?