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In: Anatomy and Physiology

desribe the events of DNA replication

desribe the events of DNA replication

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DNA Replication

DNA replication is a biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.

DNA is a double helix that is made up of two complementary strands.During this process of replication these 2 strands are separated.

The main basic 3 steps of DNA replication are initiation,elongation and termination.

  • There is an enzyme called DNA helicase , this enzyme helps in the unzipping of the double stranded DNA .
  • The DNA helicase enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds so that the strands are separated into two individual strands.
  • This separation is aided by another enzyme called topoisemerase , this enzyme holds the 2 DNA strands apart while the DNA helicase does its job.
  • When the 2 strands are separated another enyzme called DNA polymerase starts to attach free DNA nucleotides from the 5' end to the 3'end.
  • The DNA Replication always takes place in the 5' end to 3'end.
  • Nucleotides are added by complementary base pairing i.e, Adenine only binds to thymine and cytosine only binds to guanine.
  • In one strand the addition of nucleotides is continuous and this strand is called leading strand while in the other strand the addition of nucleotide is fragmented and this strand is called lagging strand.
  • The lagging strand is done in short fragments called Okazaki Fragments.
  • After the DNA polymerase has added fragments to the lagging strand then these fragments are joined together by DNA ligase to create a complete strand.
  • DNA replication is classified as a semi-conservative process.
  • In DNA replication the new strands are joined to the template strands to create a complete or full DNA helix , which means that it contains half old and half new strands.
  • This process takes place in all the cells of the body.

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