Diagnose and explain how a given ECG can indicate onset of atrial/ventricular fibrillation, 2nd/3rd degree blockade..

Explain how what would be the physiological impact of tetanus to heart function and how contractile cardiomyocytes avoid tetanus./

Relate each phase of an action potential with the function of relevant ion channels..

How action potentials are generated and propagated in contractile cardiomyocytes..

Explain the sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of heart function..

Describe the intracellular mechanisms that lead to contraction and relaxation in cardiac and smooth muscles..

I have an urinary case study that I am working on. Patients examination

pulse: 82/min

respiration: 18/min

temp: 37C

BP: 120/85

blood test results:

pH: 7.32

albumin/blood:2.2 g/L

hematocrit: 35.4%

bicarbonate: 14 mEq/L

Urinalysis:

pH: 6.0

specfic gravitiy: 1.036

ketones/gluscose: both negative

proteins: 500mg/dL

color/clarity: yellow, clear

Brief about patient: #0 years old, @ emergency room, shortness of breath, malaise, and nausea. pharyngitis two weeks ago, not throat problems now.

Question:

What is likely causing edema? Include anatomy and physiology in detail

Bell's palsy: Discuss the pathophysiology, signs & symptoms.

1-Show the Two equations for determining stroke volume. Spell it out

2- What is the equation for the relationship between Total Peripheral Resistance (or SVR) affects mean arterial pressure?

3- What are the 4 ways the sympathetic nervous system increases blood pressure?

4- Define “hematocrit”.

5- A woman with a hematocrit of 40 and 5 L of blood loses 1 L of blood when shot.   The EMT stops the bleed & pumps 1 L of plasma into him to return her to original blood volume. What is her new hematocrit?

Explain how the structure of each connective tissue type relates to its function

Marlise Muñoz, a married mother of one, was found unconscious by her husband due to a blood clot in her lung. After being rushed to the hospital, she was declared brain-dead and discovered to have been 14 weeks pregnant. The family viewed her as having died, since she was brain-dead, and demanded that she be removed from life support. State law prohibited the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from a pregnant woman, so the hospital refused the family’s request, insisting that Marlise remain on life support for 4 months until the fetus had some possibility of surviving outside the womb. Over the course of the ensuing months, the unborn fetus was determined to be nonviable due to hydrocephalus, a possible heart problem, and structural defects in the extremities. Nonetheless, the hospital persisted in its refusal until the family successfully obtained a court order requiring the hospital to remove Marlise from mechanical ventilation. Note: This is based upon a real case that received national attention.

Question 1: How would you defend the hospital’s decision to keep Marlise on a ventilator in this scenario on the basis of the wedge principle?

Question 2: How could the ethical principle of beneficence be used to critique the hospital’s decision to keep Marlise on a ventilator in this scenario?

1: What are your thoughts on prone positioning as a clinical therapy? How does prone positioning impact ARDS pathophysiology and clinical manifestations? The authors recommend developing an interdisciplinary team specializing in prone positioning. What training would the team need? What are your thoughts about being on the team?

2: What are your thoughts on prone positioning as a clinical therapy? Which patients are candidates for prone positioning? Discuss prone positioning contraindications. What strategies would you implement to support the “proned” patient and their family/loved ones?

If the outside of a cell has a potassium concentration of 12 mM what must be the inside concentration of potassium for the condition of no net flux of potassium across the membrane at Vm = - 75 mV