You are chatting with your uncle at a family reunion and he mentions that he is...

You are chatting with your uncle at a family reunion and he mentions that he is being treated for high blood pressure, but that he’s not convinced his doctor “knows what she’s talking about”. Your uncle is very upset that he has been advised to restrict salt intake, lose weight, and commit to at least thirty minutes of exercise every day. He thinks the doctor is overreacting and that his heightened blood pressure is “no big deal”. How would you explain the internal control of blood pressure, and how would you relate the recommended lifestyle changes to what you know of blood pressure homeostatic control mechanisms to your uncle?

Expert Solution

When blood pressure increases, the arterial wall is stretched which stimulates the baroreceptors and chemoreceptors. They send sensory inpulses to the midbrain. The midbrain integrates the information received and reduced the myocardial contractibility and heart through parasympathetic innervation. This results in restoration of BP to normal

The kidneys also work to regulate BP. When the blood pressure drops the perfusion of kidney decreases. Decreased perfusion to kidney stimulates renin production. Renin converts angiotensinogen secreted by liver to angiotensin l which is further coverted to angiotensin ll. Angiotensin ll to results in vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure. It also causes ADH secretion from pituitary and aldosterone secretion from adrenal gland which results in reabsorption of sodium and water.
Increase in salt intake will lead to more salt and water retention in body which will inhibit renin angiotensin system. This results in uncontrolled blood pressure increase.
Exercise and physical activity will help keep blood cholesterol levels in check control body weight. It also increases fat and lipid metabolism. This will keep body blood vessels healthy and an intact baroreceptor reflex.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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