Question

Answer the following:

1. Recognize the 5 strata and their functions
2. Recognize the hormones that act on the skin and its functions.
3. Recognize the structures that form part of the subcutaneous layer or hipodermis and its functions.
4. Recognize the cells that form the bones and its functions:
a) ostecytes
b) osteoblasts
c) Osteoprogenitor
d) osteoclasts
5. Function of the skull and its categories of the bones that predominate in the skull.

Answer 1

1) 5 Strata:

The recognized 5 strata are the layers of integumentary system namely stratum basalae, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum lucidum and stratum corneum.

Diagram of 5 strata in skin:

Strata basalae:

It is the deepest under layer of the skin which has a cuboidal keratinocytes in single layer and that is attached closely to the dermis part of the skin. The main function of strata basalae is to attach the epidermis part of the skin to the dermal part and as well as proliferation.

Stratum spinosum:

The stratum spinosum is a spiny structure appearance because the microfilaments are shrinkened and it is located in between the two layers that is upper stratum basalae and lower stratum granulosum. The important function of this strata is to mature the cells named as keratinocytes which will produce keratin.

Stratum granulosum:

The stratum granulosum has a cells that have a Basophilic keratohyalin which has lipids and that are connected to the desmosomal. This main function is to act as a barrier from intruding the foreign particles into the body and also prevent the loss of fluid by acting as waterproof of skin.

Stratum spinosum:

It is a thin layer strata of the skin which contains dead cells of epidermis which appear as clear translucent layer. The main function of this strata is to stretch the skin and also allows to degenerate the cells of skin.

Stratum corneum:

It is the last outer most end layer of skin. This part of layer act as a barrier from preventing the entry of microbes and foreign bodies to the skin, desquammation of shedding of cells takes place as well as it balances the keratinocytes and dehydration.