47) Receptors seeing stimuli is ___________, which means nothing until the brain accomplishes ___________.

A) perception; sensation                 B) sensation; motivation            

C) motivation; perception                 D) sensation; perception

48) Taste and olfactory senses depend on _______________ for sensation to occur.

A) odorants               B) acids               C) chemicals in solution            D) chemicals

50) This taste category does not rely on GPCRs for sensation to occur.

A) umami               B) sweet               C) sour               D) bitter

51) The pancreas secretes ___________ and _____________, which perform opposite functions in our bodies.

A) glycogen; insulin            B) glucagon; insulin            C) glucose; insulin            D) glycerin; insulation

52) The T8 spinal nerve pair exits the vertebral column _______________ while the C5 spinal nerve pair exits the vertebral column ________________.

A) below vertebra T8; above vertebra C5               B) above vertebra T8; above vertebra C5

C) below vertebra T8; below vertebra C5               D) above vertebra T8; below vertebra C5

53) Some large arteries proximal to the heart are sensitive to stretch of blood vessels. This stretch indicates blood pressure. Which of the below options best fits the receptor type that is being described above?

A) mechanoreceptors that are also interoceptors     B) thermoreceptors that are also interoceptors

C) mechanoreceptors that are also exteroceptors     D) thermoreceptors that are also exteroceptors

57) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ________.

A) increases urine production               B) promotes dehydration

C) is produced by the anterior pituitary               D) secretion is inhibited by alcohol

71) Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic functions?

A) hypothalamus               B) midbrain               C) reticular formation               D) medulla oblongata

75) Which of the following is mismatched?

A) gallbladder contracts to expel bile; parasympathetic               B) bronchiole dilation in lungs; sympathetic

C) peni ejaculation; sympathetic               D) promotes urination; sympathetic

1. In a tabular form, list the muscles of respiration and their nerve supply

2. Describe about the venous drainage of the thoracic cavity

3. Write about the surface anatomy of the lungs and pleurae

Glucose can cross the cell membrane only using a carrier but in a passive or active way. What is the two significant difference between facilitated diffusion using Glut channel and the cotransport of glucose using Na+ to do it?

Nephritis is a condition in which the kidney becomes inflamed due to an infection, an allergic reaction to medication or an autoimmune response. There are two types of neprhitis:

glomerulonephritis – where the glomeruli become damaged by inflammation, and

tubulointerstitial or interstitial nephritis – where the tubules are damaged by inflammation.

In both cases, normal renal (nephron) function is compromised.

1. First, explain how the nephrons of the kidney normally function to adjust the composition of the blood and produce urine in a healthy kidney. To do this, be sure to do the following:

- Give the main purpose for each part of the nephron
- List the specific substances are being added and removed along the way via either filtration, reabsorption or secretion. Be specific.

3. Using what you know of normal kidney (nephron) function:

a. Which functions of the nephron would be compromised in someone with tubulointerstitial nephritis - filtration, reabsorption or secretion?

b. Below are some complications of tubulointerstitial neprhitis. BRIEFLY (using bullets) define each complication below and BRIEFLY explain why tubulointerstitial neprhitis would cause the following abnormalities/complications:

- Hypokalemia & Hyponatremia
- Polyuria
- Metabolic acidosis

2. Using what you know of normal kidney (nephron) function:

a. Which function of the nephron would be compromised in someone with glomerulonephritis - filtration, reabsorption or secretion?

b. Below are some complications of glomerulonephritis. BRIEFLY (using bullets) define each complication and BRIEFLY(within the bullet) explain why glomerulonephritis would cause the following abnormalities/complications:

- Hematuria * Proteinuria
- Oliguria
- Azotemia

subject. Histology:

1-histological structure of processes involved in the production of mature sperm and ovum?

2- Role of different hormones of the production of mature sperm and ovum?

Criteria this question it has Answer creative and attractive format with photographs and not less than 5 references and completely related to the topic

Minimum 1000 to 1300 words

I wont to answer as histology.

One of the main concepts you will see repeated in this course is: form allows for function (the principle of complementarity of structure and function). Using your textbook or another reliable source, describe the characteristics of a cardiac muscle cell found in the heart and a simple columnar cell found within the small intestine. Contrast these two types of cells in terms of their structure and the organelles found within them. Finally, explain how the structure of each type of cell allows it to perform its function(s).

PLEASE CITE RELIABLE SOURCES

47) You will find a gliding movement in a(n) _________________ joint.

A) intertarsal            B) interphalangeal            C) atlantoaxial            D) proximal radioulnar

49) The frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and clavicle bones are formed by _____________ ossification.

A) endochondral            B) temporal            C) hypertrophic            D) intramembranous

50) The ______________ zone is found between the epiphyseal plate and epiphysis of a long bone.

A) hypertrophic            B) proliferation            C) resting            D) ossification

80) Which of the following is a true statement?

A) The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process.

B) The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.

C) The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint.

D) The ulna and the radius articulate at both the proximal and distal ends.

82) Which ligament restricts side-to-side movements at the elbow?

A) ulnar collateral ligament             B) anular ligament             C) acetabular labrum             D) lateral ligament

Briefly outline the neuroendocrine pathways mediating “homeostatic” control of body weight, with particular emphasis on the neural and hormonal mechanisms by which the body signals metabolic cues to the brain.