Explain the concept of specificity in the immune system using blood type interactions as an example. Define specificity in the context of immunity and relate this to interactions between different blood types during transfusions. Your answer should define and discuss antigens and antibodies in the ABO blood type system.

How does humoral immunity differ from cellular immunity & why are both necessary

What is the relationship between the left and right Doors of the Bishop Bernward at Hildesheim cathedral, in other words, not just what they depict, but how they relate to each other?

There can be more than one correct answer! Thanks

37. During the Cephalic and Gastric Phases of the control of stomach activity, what aspect of stomach activity is stimulated by similar controls?

A. acid secretion and pepsinogen secretion

B. pepsinogen secretion and gastric motility

C. acid secretion and gastric motility

D. gastric motility, acid secretion, and pepsinogen secretion

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38. Both long and short reflexes are present during the Gastric and the Intestinal Phases of the control of stomach activity.

A. True

B. False

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41. Secretin has what effect(s)?

A. decreases gastric emptying, motility, and secretion

B. increases HCO3 - secretion from bile duct cells

C. increases HCO3 - secretion from pancreatic duct cells

D. increases gastric emptying, motility, and secretion

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42. What is the frequency of segmentation, expressed in contractions per minute, in the duodenum?

A. 3

B. 6

C. 12

D. 24

There can be more than one correct answer! Thanks

7. How is glucose reabsorbed?

A. simple diffusion

B. co-transported with Na+

C. counter-transported with H+

D. actively transported

E. none of the above

8. The mechanism for the reabsorption of Na+ is similar in the

A. proximal and distal convoluted tubules

B. loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubules

C. proximal convoluted tubules and cortical collecting ducts

D. cortical and medullary collecting ducts

E. Loop of Henle and proximal convoluted tubules

9. Aldosterone increases the

A. reabsorption of Na+

B. reabsorption of K+

C. secretion of Na+

D. secretion of K+

E. reabsorption of H2O

1. Compare and contrast cardiac and skeletal muscle in terms of electrical stimulus and action potentials (excitation-contraction coupling), role of calcium, energy use and production, and ways to develop increased force of contraction. How does the vulnerability of the myocardium relate to the fact that heart disease is the leading cause of death?

1

Which statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle is correct?

a)The luteinizing hormone surge stimulates the secondary oocyte to form a primary oocyte

b)Decreased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone cause a rush of luteinizing hormone to be released

c)The luteinizing hormone surge stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone

d)Progesterone is regulated by a positive feedback mechanism

2

Which events in the monthly female reproductive cycle occur simultaneously?

a)Menstruation and the estrogen surge

b)Endometrial proliferation and development of the vesicular follicle

c)Degeneration of the corpus luteum and increased LH and FSH secretion

d)The secretory phase in the uterus and decreased progesterone levels

How does in vitro fertilization create what is called "three-parent baby"?

Explain the the different events that take place during the ovarian and uterine cycle.

What is syphilis and how many stages does it have?

In a list format, provide the pathway of a water molecule from absorption into the systemic capillaries of the small intestines to its exit out the urethra. Be detailed in your list (i.e. do not just say it passes through the nephron, but rather list the segments of the nephron).

13). Describe the structural & functional differences between a myofilament & a myofibril?

14). List four (4) proteins found in the myofilaments & describe their physical arrangement with respect to each other.

15). Describe the overlapping pattern of thick & thin myofilaments & explain how this overlap pattern accounts for the A band, I band, H band & Z disc appearances.

16). What differences would you expect to see between a motor unit where muscular strength is more important than fine control & another motor unit where fine control is more important than muscular strength?

Describe the effects of FSH, LH, estrogen & progesterone on the initiation & maintenance of a normal human 28-day menstrual (ovarian) cycle in which fertilization does not occur.

distinguish structurally and functionally between primordial follicles, primary follicles, secondary follicles and a mature follicle.

Describe the effects of FSH, LH, estrogen & progesterone on the initiation & maintenance of a normal human 28-day menstrual (ovarian) cycle in which fertilization does not occur.

Distinguish structurally & functionally between primordial follicles, primary follicles, secondary follicles & a mature follicle