Question

1. Hormone responsible for male secondary sex characteristics is:

1. LH
2. FSH
3. Testosterone
4. ADH

2. As a result of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system:

1. Aldosterone is secreted from pituitary gland
2. Arteriolar vasoconstriction occurs
3. ADH is produced by adrenal cortex
4. Arteriolar vasodilation occurs

3. Which hormones enter cells and then decreases or increases mRNA synthesis:

1. Steroid and peptide hormones
2. Peptide hormones
3. Steroid hormones
4. Phospholipid hormones

4. Cyclic AMP is a common second messenger, which are associated with what type of hormones?

1. Peptide
2. Steroid
3. Both A & B
4. Fatty acids

5. Which of following is a granulocyte?

1. B lymphocyte
2. T lymphocyte
3. Plasma cell
4. Neutrophil

Answer 1

1. Answer : Testosterone

Testosterone is the hormone responsible for the development secondary sexual characteristics in males

Leutenising hormone (LH) stimulates the production of testosterone from the Leydig cellscells of the testes.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates spermatogenesis (sperm productio) by its action on the Sertoli cells of the testes.

ADH is antidiuetic hormone associated with regulation of water balance.

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2. Answer : Arteriolar vasoconstriction occurs

Renin is secreted by the juxtaglomerylar cells of thekidney when there is a fall in arterial blood pressure or a decrease in sodium concentration. Renin now converts angiotensinogen present in blood to angiotensin.

Angiotensin causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.

Aldosterone acts on the collecting ducts of kidney to stimulate reabsorption of Na+ and secretion of K+ and H+.

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3. Answer : Steroid hormones

Hydrophobic hormones like steroid hormones eg- testosterone, estrogens, progesterone are lipophilic and can diffuse through the cell membranes. So, they  interact with an intracellular receptor and regulates transcription, i.e, production of mRNA

Hydrophilic hormones like peptide hormones e.g- thyroid-stimulating hormone are not lipid-soluble. So they cannot diffuse through cell membranes. They interact with cell membrane receptors leading to activation of second-messenger systems resulting in intracellular response.

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4. Answer : Peptide

Hydrophilic hormones like peptide hormones e.g- thyroid-stimulating hormone are not lipid-soluble. So they cannot diffuse through cell membranes. They interact with cell membrane receptors leading to activation of second-messenger systems like cAMP resulting in intracellular response.

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5. Answer : Neutrophil

Granulocytes are group of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. Granulocytes are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.