1. A patient with a restrictive lung disease would exhibit which of the following?

A. An increase in arterial p02

B. An increase in tidal volume

C. An increase in inspiratory reserve volume

D. A decrease in compliance

2. Blood vessels around poorly oxygenated alveoli______________.

A. Exhibit an increase loading reaction

B. Contract to divert blood to oxygenated alveoli

C. Dilate to increase perfusion of poorly oxygenated alveoli

3.Elveated body temperature, acidosis and/or anemia will________________________.

A. Decrease respiratory rate

B. Cause a left shirt in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

C. Increase the unloading reaction

4. A pulmonary disorder that compromises the integrity of elastic protein fibers in the lungs may cause an increased compliance, poor elastic recoil and collpase of small bronchioles and alveoli. This patient would exhibit all of the following except:

A. A decrease in FEV1

B. Chest pain dur to air trapping

C. A decrease in vital capacity

D. An increase in % oxyhemoglin saturation

5. The majority of CO2 is transported in the blood as:

A. Dissolved in plasma

B. Carboxyhemoglobin

C. Carbaminohemoglobin

D. HCO3-

Explain the differences and similarities in language abilities in someone with a traumatic brain injury versus someone with right hemisphere brain damage.

24) What occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle? Select all that apply (2 points)

A) Spiral glands become necrotic

B) Spiral arteries are dilated

C) Spiral glands form in the functional layer

D) Spiral glands secrete glycogen

E) Epithelial cells rapidly divide

18) Which of the following conditions is an age-related change for menopause? (1 point)

A) Hypertrophy and repositioning of the uterus

B) Increased mucus secretion in the uterus

C) Decreased hormone production by ovaries

D) Hot flashes, increased sweating, and vasoconstriction of blood vessels

E) Increased proliferation of follicles

4) What is the proper arrangement of the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus? (1 point)

      1. Ductus deferens

      2. Urethra

      3. Ejaculatory duct

      4. Epididymis

      5. Bulbourethral glands

      6. Seminal vesicles

A) 1, 6, 3, 2

B) 4, 3, 5, 2

C) 4, 1, 6, 2

D) 4, 1, 3, 2

E) 1, 4, 3, 2

7) Select all of the following that are functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system. (2 points)

A) Spermatocyte creation

B) Supplying nutrients for gamete motility

C) Moving fluids along the reproductive tract

D) Buffer production

E) Hormone secretion for fertility regulation

Name the three cell types of the olfactory mucosa and broadly state the

function of each.

a. Contrast the unique features of incisors and a canine tooth. b. What is the usual number of premolars in an adult's mouth? c. Identify the different molars and ages they develop?

When the SNS increases cardiac output, a series of events occurs through innervation via adrenergic receptors to affect both autorhythmic cells and contractile fibers. Describe and explain the changes in the function of the two cell types as cardiac output is increased, including all the membrane proteins.

A 60-year-old man suffered from 6 months of severe headaches and excessive perspiration, he also became aware that he had developed tunnel vision. He had a 12-yr history of hypertension and vague aches and pains in his shoulder and hand joints that were diagnosed as osteoarthrosis. On examination by his GP, he was found to have course facial features, a prominent jaw. He had bitemporal hemianopia, BP 145/105 mmHG and a slight glycosuria. He was sent for a lateral skull x-ray that showed an enlarged pituitary fossa. Blood tests showed: Fasting glucose 9.2 (Reference range 3.5-6.5 mmol/l) Luteinizing hormone 3.7 (Reference range 0.7-6.0 U/l) Follicle stimulating hormone 4.8 (Reference range <6 U/l) Prolactin 295 (Reference range <425 mU/l) Testosterone 18.1 (Reference range10-35 nmol/l) Growth hormone 8.0 (Reference range <10 mU/l) Cortisol (random) 458 (Reference range 250-700 nmol/l) TSH 3.2 (Reference range 0.3-6.0 mU/l) Free T4 15.6 (Reference range 9.4-25.0 pmol/l) What further biochemical tests would you perform?

30 year Female with two year history of weight gain, hirsutism, easy bruising and oligomenorrhea. The doctor notes HT (BP 180/110) and muscle weakness. The laboratory data showed the following results: 9 am cortisol 600 nmol/L (200-700), Low dose dexamethasone suppression test - Basal 630 nmol/L- 48h 470 nmol/L (normal <50 nmol/L), Urine free cortisol: 1250 nmol/L (<250), Plasma ACTH: undetectable. What do you think the cause of her symptoms would be?

8.  Outline the major events occurring during the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Begin with starch digestion in the mouth and end with absorption of monosaccharides in the intestinal capillaries.

5.  List all major structures and organs involved in the flow of blood through the hepatic portal system. Begin with major veins of the intestines and end with the inferior vena cava.

6.  Outline the major events occurring during the digestion and absorption of lipids. Begin with emulsified fats in the duodenum and end with absorption of micelle in lacteals

7.  Outline the major events occurring during the digestion and absorption of proteins. Begin with protein digestion in the stomach and end with absorption of amino acids in the intestinal capillaries.

8) Which of the following could be issues caused by dysfunctional interstitial cells of the testes in an adult male? Select all that apply.

A) Low sperm cell production

B) Increased levels of GnRH in the blood

C) No formation of the male reproductive structures

D) A lack of growth plate ossification

E) Lower energy levels in the body

11) Which of the following statements concerning oogenesis is true? (1 point)

A) Oogenesis begins after birth

B) Ova develop from stem cells called oogenesis

C) An ovum completes its last mitosis after it is fertilized

D) About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty

E) By the time of their birth, girls have already lost about 80 percent of their oocytes

18) Which of the following conditions is an age-related change for menopause? (1 point)

A) Hypertrophy and repositioning of the uterus

B) Increased mucus secretion in the uterus

C) Decreased hormone production by ovaries - Would cause D

D) Hot flashes, increased sweating, and vasoconstriction of blood vessels

E) Increased proliferation of follicles

20) Puberty in a female includes (select all that apply) (2 points)

A) Adipose tissue growth in the breasts and hips

?B) Increased muscle mass, especially in the hips

C) Closure of the uterine tubes

D) Regular ovulation triggered by increases in LH, FSH, and estrogen

E) Estradiol production increasing

23) The effects of estrogen are (select all that apply). (2 points)

?A) Positive feedback on LH and FSH secretion

B) Sloughing of the endometrium

?C) Inhibition of GnRH release

D) Stimulation of progesterone release

E) Upregulation of LH receptors in developing follicle

24) What occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle? Select all that apply (2 points)

A) Spiral glands become necrotic

B) Spiral arteries are dilated

C) Spiral glands form in the functional layer-

D) Spiral glands secrete glycogen

E) Epithelial cells rapidly divide

29) What occurs during menses? Select all that apply (2 points)

A) Secretion of glycogen by endometrial cells

B) Necrosis of the functional layer

C) Constriction of spiral arteries

D) Contraction of uterine smooth muscle

E) Increased secretion of progesterone

7) Select all of the following that are functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system. (2 points)

A) Spermatocyte creation

-B) Supplying nutrients for gamete motility

-C) Moving fluids along the reproductive tract

D) Buffer production

E) Hormone secretion for fertility regulation

5) Where would the most mature sperm cells be found? (1 point)

A) In the seminiferous tubules

B) In the testes

C) In the ejaculatory duct—

D) In the seminal vesicles

E) In the bulbourethral gland

11) Which of the following statements concerning oogenesis is true? (1 point)

A) Oogenesis begins after birth

B) Ova develop from stem cells called oogenesis

C) An ovum completes its last mitosis after it is fertilized

D) About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty

E) By the time of their birth, girls have already lost about 80 percent of their oocytes

12) Select all of the following that are true of the vagina. (1 point)

A) Loses its inner lining during menses

B) Has a cervix for connection to the uterus

C) Holds sperm before their movement to the uterus

D) Is the lower region of the birth canal

E) Assists in urine movement via the urethra

⦁ Explain the main differences in characteristics of an athlete diagnosed as suffering from anorexia nervosa compared with bulimia nervosa.

⦁ State the factors that may increase the risk of developing an eating disorder in young female athletes.

⦁ Examine the potential effect of eating disorders on physiological function and endurance exercise performance in female runners.

When a patient is looking directly to the right, which muscles are contacted in each eye?