If a patient has higher than normal levels of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), you would expect to see:

A. hypoglycemia

B. hypercalcemia

C. hyperkalemia

D. increased Metabolic Rate & weight loss

E. hypokalemia

Parkinson’s disease is a motor disorder that generally affects people in their later years

1. a) Why do the motor symptoms occur?

2. b) Discuss the treatments for Parkinson’s disease

   1. For each treatment, explain the pharmacological mechanism of action, and

   2. Explain what this is doing to the body’s dopaminergic system.

Because Growth Hormone _______, inhibition involves a(n) _________.

A. is a tropic hormone ; negative feed-back-loop

B. acts on an endocrine gland ; positive feed-back loop

C. is not a tropic hormone ; Inhibitory Hormone (IH)

D. is not a tropic hormone ; negative feed-back loop

E. is a Releasing Hormone ; negative feed-back loop

A patient complains of being low in energy and feeling cold much of the time. The patient has also gained weight. Which one of the following is the most likely cause?

A. acromegaly

B. hypothyroidism

C. Cushing’s Disease

D. Diabetes mellitus

E. hyperaldosteronism

Chief Complaint: 74-year-old woman with shortness of breath and swelling. History: Martha Wilmington, a 74-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever while in her twenties, presented to her physician with complaints of increasing shortness of breath ("dyspnea") upon exertion. She also noted that the typical swelling she's had in her ankles for years has started to get worse over the past two months, making it especially difficult to get her shoes on toward the end of the day. In the past week, she's had a decreased appetite, some nausea and vomiting, and tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. On physical examination, Martha's jugular veins were noticeably distended. Auscultation of the heart revealed a low-pitched, rumbling systolic murmur, heard best over the left upper sternal border. In addition, she had an extra, "S3" heart sound. 9. What is the general term describing Martha's condition? 10. How might Martha's body compensate for the above condition? 11. Martha is started on a medication called digoxin. Why was she given this medication, and how does it work?

Question:

Two weeks after starting digoxin, Martha returns to the physician's office for a follow-up visit. On physical examination, she still has significant hepatomegaly and pitting edema, and is significantly hypertensive (i.e. she has high blood pressure). Her physician prescribes a diuretic called furosemide (or "Lasix"). Why was she given this????

Thanks

Please answer this all question :

1. Is there any other factor besides the nephron which control the reabsorption of water and certain molecules for osmoregulation? Substantiate your answer with reasons? .

2. Analyze the specific role of liver in each of the following: 1. Carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, 2. Processing of drugs and hormones, 3. Excretion of bilirubin, 4. Synthesis of bile salts and 5.Activation of vitamin D? .

A 40-year-old man reports to his health care provider complaining of heartburn that occurs after eating and also wakes him up at night. He is overweight and admits to enjoying fatty foods and lying down on the sofa and watching TV in the evening. He also complains that lately he has been having a cough and some wheezing. He is negative for peptic ulcerations.

What is causing this man’s heartburn?

Why does it get worse at night or after he eats?

List four lifestyle changes he could implement to limit his symptoms and state how each one will help.

Explain how your diagnosis in answer 1 relates to the respiratory symptoms

This is a list of some of the steps in the process of seeing a flash of light. Put them in cause-and-effect order from first to last.

A. Photons pass through the ganglion and bipolar cells in the retina
B. Phosphodiesterases break down cyclic GMP
C. A photon is absorbed by a retinal molecule
D. The rod is hyperpolarized
E. Photons are refracted by the lens
F. Transducin molecules bind GTP
G. cGMP-gated Na⁺ channels close
H. Rhodopsin changes shape to its active conformation
I. Photons pass through the cornea
J. Transducin molecules activate phosphodiesterases

a) Does the composition of ECM has any active role to play in modulating the dynamic biomolecule organization(s) of cells during mechanotransduction?

b) Any possible role(s) played by plasma membrane in the structural transformation upon mechanotransduction?

The Levels of organization.

A) A woman goes to the emergency room and complains of a pain in her abdomen. B) The doctor tells her that she has an ulcer that has damaged the ling of her stomach. C) The doctor also mentions that the patient has diabetes.

Please describe the levels of organization the doctor is referring to in:

A)

B)

C)

1. Immune system is an important system in the body. Discuss the followings:

1) The role of antibodies and antigens in blood typing?

2) The types of immunity in relation to disease protection?   .

2. Is there any other factor besides the nephron which control the reabsorption of water and certain molecules for osmoregulation? Substantiate your answer with reasons? .

3. Analyze the specific role of liver in each of the following: 1. Carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, 2. Processing of drugs and hormones, 3. Excretion of bilirubin, 4. Synthesis of bile salts and 5 Activation of vitamin D? .

1. The partition that separates the two lateral ventricles is called the:

   	a.	wall of Sylvius
   	b.	septum of Monro
   	c.	septum pellucidum
   	d.	septum ventriculus

Describe how the kidneys convert filtrate in the nephron into dilute or concentrated urine by tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion (include the importance of the nephron loop and the hormonal regulation of urine concentration). please describe in essay form

Chief Complaint: 8-year-old girl with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and weight loss.

History: Cindy Mallon, an 8-year-old girl in previously good health, has noticed that, in the past month, she is increasingly thirsty. She gets up several times a night to urinate, and finds herself gulping down glassfuls of water. At the dinner table, she seems to be eating twice as much as she used to, yet she has lost 5 pounds in the past month. In the past three days, she has become nauseated, vomiting on three occasions, prompting a visit to her pediatrician.

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Questions

1. At the doctor's office, blood and urine samples are taken. The following lab results are noted: