Question

88.) Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and bile into the blood.

It secretes CCK through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.

It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and CCK into the blood.

It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.

It secretes bile through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.

89.) Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

It produces bile.

It removes poisonous substances from the blood and detoxifies them.

It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

It removes iron and certain vitamins from the blood and stores them.

It helps regulate blood cholesterol levels.

90.) What prevents acid from backing up into the esophagus from the stomach?

adventitia

rugae

pyloric sphincter

lower esophageal sphincter

92.) Which type of gastric gland cell secretes pepsinogen?

mucus

gastric pit stem cells

chief

enteroendocrine

parietal

93.) The _______ sphincter is considered to be a physiological sphincter because _____________

lower esophageal: it has obvious circular muscles that remain contracted at death

pyloric; it has no obvious thickening of muscle and it relaxes completely at death

lower esophageal: it has no obvious thickening of muscle and it relaxes completely at death

ileocecal; it has obvious circular muscles that remain contracted at death

pyloric: it has obvious circular muscles that remain contracted at death

Answer 1

88. It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.

Explanation -

The pancreas consist of majorly two different types of cells - exocrine and endocrine portions of the cells. The endocrine cell area is also known islets of langerhans surrounded by the exocrine acinar cells. The Endocrine cells secrets the insulin, glucogon and somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptides by beta, alpha, delta and gamma cells of islet of langerhans and releases tehm into the blood stream. The cholecystokinin is released by the enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum in small intestine and releases into the bloodstream and that acts at exocrine portion of the pancreas containing acinar cells receptors and thus stimulates the production of pancreatic juice travelling through the pancreatic duct.Bile is secreted by the liver and get stored in gall bladder.

89.It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

Liver functions in processing the absorbed nutrients from the small intestine.The liver secrets bile and helps in digesting fat and vitamins and detoxify the blood.It also stores vitamins and other nutrients as a energy source.it primarily doesn't release the digestive enzymes .

90.lower esophageal sphincter

The lower esophageal sphincter is the circular muscular band like structure present at the distal region of the oesophagus and prevents the back flow of acids and other substances from the stomach.Adventitia is the outermost layer of the blood vessels and doesn't have any function in preventing backflow from the stomach.Rugae is the internal muscular folding in the stomach which helps in digestion.Pyloric sphincter is present between distal region of stomach and duodenum,doesnot work in the upper digestive tract affairs.

92. Chief cells

Mucus cells present in stomach wall secret the alkaline mucus .chief cells secret the zymogens i.e pepsinogens whereas parietal cells produce gastric HCl acid and enteroendocrine cells secret cholecystokinin.

93.The lower esophageal sphincter is considered to be a physiological sphincter because it has no obvious thickening of muscle and it relaxes completely at death