1. Describe the three sensory pathways and their function. In your description, please be sure to describe where these pathways cross over.

Animal Nutrition questions:

3) Why do we worry about the absolute amounts of Calcium and Phosphorus (i.e. % of the diet) in a diet and also about the relative ratios of Calcium to Phosphorus?

4) From a quantitative point of view, pregnancy and lactation result in a large increase in the nutritional needs of a dog, but a relatively minor change in the requirements of humans?

For a hair cell of the organ of corti to depolarize which of the following must open?

a) sodium ligand-gated channel

b) potassium ligand-gated channel

c) potassium mechanically-gated channel

d) sodium voltage gated channel

e) potassium voltage gated-channel

2) which of the following is Not true concerning the ANS (autonomic nervous system)?
a) the sympathetic division originates from the brainstem

b) it utilizes ganglia

c) parasympathetic axons are found in cranial nerve X (vagus)

d) it always involves preganglionic and postganglionic neuron

e) it is an involuntary motor system

A patient has been brought to the ED with the following symptoms: (a) reports feeling sick, (b) weak, (c) cold at times and hot others, (d) nauseated, (e) confused and at times afraid, without a specific reason why, (f) thirsty, and (g) short of breath. Nothing in his history gives clear direction of what might be happening. His blood gases reveal respiratory alkalosis. Vital signs are HR 95 RR 40 BP 100/60. The doctor states the patient exhibits shock symptoms.

Question: Define shock and explain the implications

A 40-year-old woman has been admitted with possible embolism. Her symptoms are chest pain, right leg temperature warmer than left, delivery of a baby by C-section three weeks ago, and fatigue and shortness of breath. 1.   Question: Explain the clotting cascade and the relevance to the symptoms described

what are parts of cerebrum?

Describe the events associated with the ovarian cycle

Describe the various accommodation problems associated with the cornea, lens, and the shape of the eye.

Describe the classical pathway of complement activation in the absence of antibodies and how it is used during an innate immune response to clear the pathogen.

where in the gastrointestinal tract are nutrients first absorbed into the body? give some reasons this cannot happen prior to this point.

Your final journal of the semester is here. This one is a bit more relaxed.

One of the hopeful and apparent themes throughout the course is how all of the systems are interrelated in one way or another. No one system functions in isolation or independent of any other system.

With that said. Select any system within the body (even from A&P I) and link it to at least 2 other systems. Explain the homeostatic, endocrine, negative feedback (as appropriate) mechanisms that help to link the systems together. Discuss and shared or common organs between these systems, or functions that are shared.

Yes, I am leaving this topic kind of vague so as to allow you maximum freedom in creating your response. No need to cite your responses because this is BASED ON WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED... this question is not intended for you to research. If you do research portions of your response, then yes! You must cite that information.

Any questions, please let me know!

HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE is an autosomal dominantly inherited, degenerative human disease of the nervous system. Individuals homozygous for this dominant gene almost always die as a fetus. The disease has no obvious phenotypic effects in a heterozygous individual, until a person is about 35-40 years old, well into child-rearing years. There is no known cure for this genetic disease.

E. Determine the results of a mating between two parents, both of whom will get Huntington’s disease.

1. Provide the Punnett square and the potential offspring phenotypes and genotypes.
2. What percentage of children from this mating will develop Huntington’s?
3. What percentage of children from this mating will carry at least one Huntington’s allele?

Sickle cell anemia is inherited as an autosomal, recessive disorder. Individuals who inherit the mutated gene from both parents will show symptoms of sickle cell, including a stiffening of the red blood cells when the individual is under conditions with low oxygen levels in the air (e.g. on top of a mountain). This can lead to low red blood cell count (anemia), shortness of breath, fatigue, jaundice, and joint pain. Most critically, the stiffened red blood cells can clog small blood vessels, blocking blood flow to critical organs (e.g. brain, lungs, liver, etc.) that can lead to death. Curiously, heterozygous carriers have a certain amount of resistance to malaria. The malaria parasite must invade red blood cells in order to develop and apparently the cell surface is altered in heterozygous individuals, thereby limiting the ability of the malaria parasite to enter the red blood cells. Recall that the rules for autosomal recessive diseases are that only the homozygous recessive individuals experience the symptoms of sickle cell anemia.

C.    Determine the results of a mating between two parents that are both heterozygous for sickle cell anemia.

1. Provide the Punnett square and the potential offspring phenotypes and genotypes.
2. What percentage of children from this mating will develop sickle cell anemia?
3. What percentage of children from this mating will carry at least one sickle cell allele?