Your patient is a 39-year old high school guidance counselor who was diagnosed with Chrone’s disease (an inflammatory bowel disease) when he was a teenager. Last year, he had a small bowel obstruction that could not be relieved with nonsurgical procedures, and he underwent emergency surgery that removed 80% of his ileum. Since the surgery, his stool has been oily. Why? (Hint: consider the consequence of reduced enterohepatic circulation).

This patient also suffers from “bile acid diarrhea”. Why would this surgery result in diarrhea? Why doesn’t this occur in a healthy person?

13. Naya is a healthy 45 year old female, 5 foot 2 inches in height, and weighs 140 lbs.

          What intrinsic laryngeal muscles and laryngeal nerves are activated when she:

1. Coughs
2. Swallows
3. Breathes quietly
4. Says “Tubs” at 350 Hz. List each phoneme separately. Next to each phoneme, state the intrinsic laryngeal muscle(s) and laryngeal nerve(s) activated

If a person was hung upside down, how would the following be affected compared to when the person was standing up straight?

a) Stroke Volume

b) ANP release

c) Na reabsorption

d) Diuresis

e) Sympathetic activation

1. Answer the following in detail. (I'll give a thumbs up! Thanks.)

A. How does maternity leave in the US compare to other countries?

B. Which country/ies offer the best maternity leave and what is it like?

C. What is “motherhood penalty”?

Give a brief description of the different factors that contribute to blood circulation

1. Answer the following in detail. (I'll give a thumbs up! Thanks.)

A. What is “maternity leave” like in the US?

B. Are there State (in the UC) differences in maternity leave benefits?

C. Is there “paternity leave” in the US? In which states and what is it like?

Briefly discuss the layers, chambers, valves, vasculature, and the conduction system of the heart

Give a brief description of the different factors that contribute to blood circulation

What are the blood vessels of the body? Give brief details about ONE type

Discuss the mechanisms involved in the formation of the glomerular filtrate, its composition and the regulation of its rate of formation, the GFR.

why are Diseases affecting striated muscle cells lethal ?

1. Fill in the blank:

The ________ of a lymphocyte results in immune cells that have gained the ability to attack specific antigens.

2. How does a virus, such as HIV, typically enter a cell? What structure does the virus use to enter the cell?

3. Explain why we need the mechanisms of the adaptive immune system even though nonspecific or innate resistance mechanisms attack all foreign antigen (in other words, what purpose does the acquired immune system serve?)