Explain why inborn defects of glycolytic metabolism kill MATURE red blood cells, leading to hemolytic anemia.. Note, other body cells somehow cope with these defects.

Assume that two individuals (A and B) develop the same type of cancer. Both individuals are given the best treatment found to be effective against cancer. Individual A responds well to treatment, while individual B does not. Using what you have learned, provide a specific type of cancer and an explanation for why there was a difference in response to treatment

Compare and contrast how stress can be both good and bad in relation to training.

Briefly explain how the evolution of the sickle cell allele is an example of human biocultural evolution

Where in the body are the following muscle fiber types found:

• Slow Oxidative (Type I)

• Fast Oxidative (Type IIA)

• Fast Glycolytic fibers (Type IIB)

Some pharmaceuticals were much more commonly prescribed at one time but today are prescribed much less frequently. Pick two such substances and explain the dramatic decline in psychiatric use. Be as specific and as detailed as you can.

use Goode's book and tell page number

I'm having a difficult time understanding alpha and beta receptors. Also the differences between Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors. I was given an assignment to match what receptors cause what changes in the organs. I searched on ninja nerd and he only goes over alpha 1 and beta 2. HELP

After being shot multiple times while robbing the Circle K, Thelma is losing a lot of blood. What would be the impact on her stroke volume, heart rate and mean arterial pressure?

Due to a congenital defect in his pulmonary circuit, Alphonse experiences increasing right ventricular failure as a result of obstructed pulmonary circulation. What would be the impact on her stroke volume, heart rate and mean arterial pressure?

A product is secreted by an exocrine organ. This means that:

(a) it is produced by endocrine cells

(b) is secreted into a duct

(c) is expressed/released onto a surface

(d) utilize blood and/or lymph circulation for dispersion

answer b & c

answer a & d

For a project where you were asked to regenerate an organ, which of the following stem cell types would you choose for the greatest success if you could only choose one?

totipotent

multipotent

pluripotent

undifferentiated

One day GB reports to you for exercise and when taking his resting blood pressure and pulse note his blood pressure is 118/64, his pulse rate is 150 and highly irregular.  GB indicates he has felt very weak and tired lately almost didn’t show up to exercise.   You refer him to his physician who obtains an ECG and determines he has atrial fibrillation.

1. What physiological mechanisms caused GB’s pulse rate to be high and irregular and his blood pressure low?

2. What specifically, about atrial fibrillation makes the patient feel very weak and tired?

The physician prescribes dofetilide to try to convert GB back to sinus rhythm.  

3. What is meant by “sinus rhythm”? Any cardiac rhythm in which depolarization of the cardiac muscle begins at the sinus node. Characterized by the presence of correctly oriented P waves on an ECG.

4. What type of drug is dofetilide and what is the mechanism of action to convert atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm.

The physician is unsuccessful at converting  GB back to sinus rhythm with the drug so he his placed on chronic therapy of metoprolol and warfarin.

5. What types of drugs are metoprolol and warfarin and what is the specific mechanism of action used to help treat patients with atrial fibrillation?

6. What are specific things to keep in mind when safely prescribing and monitoring exercise for GB?

Terri has diabetes mellitus and, as a side effect, has developed ketoacidosis. The ketones are making Terri’s blood too acidic (decreasing the pH of her blood). Chemoreceptors in Terri’s medulla oblongata (part of the brain stem) detect this change and send an electrical message to her respiratory system. Terri will start to breath faster, increasing the release of more CO₂ than normal. Since CO₂ forms an acid in the blood, releasing more CO₂ will bring the blood pH back to normal.

What is the stimulus in this situation?

• low blood pH (blood too acidic)

• breathing faster

• chemoreceptors

• respiratory system

• medulla oblongata

Terri has diabetes mellitus and, as a side effect, has developed ketoacidosis. The ketones are making Terri’s blood too acidic (decreasing the pH of her blood). Chemoreceptors in Terri’s medulla oblongata (part of the brain stem) detect this change and send an electrical message to her respiratory system. Terri will start to breath faster, increasing the release of more CO₂ than normal. Since CO₂ forms an acid in the blood, releasing more CO₂ will bring the blood pH back to normal.

What is the receptor in this situation?

• low blood pH (blood too acidic)

• medulla oblongata

• chemoreceptors

• respiratory system

• breathing faster

Terri has diabetes mellitus and, as a side effect, has developed ketoacidosis. The ketones are making Terri’s blood too acidic (decreasing the pH of her blood). Chemoreceptors in Terri’s medulla oblongata (part of the brain stem) detect this change and send an electrical message to her respiratory system. Terri will start to breath faster, increasing the release of more CO₂ than normal. Since CO₂ forms an acid in the blood, releasing more CO₂ will bring the blood pH back to normal.

What is the control center in this situation?

• respiratory system

• breathing faster

• low blood pH (blood too acidic)

• medulla oblongata

• chemoreceptors

Terri has diabetes mellitus and, as a side effect, has developed ketoacidosis. The ketones are making Terri’s blood too acidic (decreasing the pH of her blood). Chemoreceptors in Terri’s medulla oblongata (part of the brain stem) detect this change and send an electrical message to her respiratory system. Terri will start to breath faster, increasing the release of more CO₂ than normal. Since CO₂ forms an acid in the blood, releasing more CO₂ will bring the blood pH back to normal.

What is the response of the effector in this situation?

• medulla oblongata

• chemoreceptors

• breathing faster

• low blood pH (blood too acidic)

• respiratory system

Identify each type of muscle cell, their functions, locations, and describe how they look under microscope.

If muscle fiber concentration is all-or-none, how is graded muscular activity possible?