The WHO has identified 3 major trends that are pushing the need for healthcare reform globally. What are these trends and what needs to be done to address them? (500 words)

Week 3 Discussion: Creating a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

* The project is building and opening up a small 24 hour coffee shop*

The work breakdown structure can be confusing, especially for new project managers. Despite its name, it doesn’t actually involve breaking down work; it involves breaking down deliverables.

This, among others, is one of several reasons why you need a thorough understanding of the work breakdown structure before you can create your own.

What is a WBS or Work Breakdown Structure?

A Work Breakdown Structure is the foundation of the project as seen through the project management professional certification training. A WBS has many benefits that will ease the project team’s work during the project life cycle. It helps to better manage, estimate, coordinate and monitor the project. But how is this achieved?

WBS Project Management subdivides project deliverables and project work into smaller and manageable components, or levels. WBS levels are branched in a hierarchical way.

* The numbers next to each item indicate the number of hours or resources required to complete the work. The sum of all these must be 100 at each level. This is the oft-quoted “100% rule” - that the sum of the work at each “child” level must be 100% of the work at the “parent” level.

WBS Levels

1. The first of the WBS Levels (Level 1) is the Project Title. Why? By the end of the project, the overall project scope will be completed, therefore, all project work and deliverables are under the project title respectively.
   
2. The second WBS Level (Level 2) is related to Control Accounts. Control accounts are major parts, systems, phases or deliverables of a project. For instance, if we're building a bicycle, the major parts of the bicycle (frame, wheels, etc.) constitute its control accounts.
   
3. The third WBS Level detail the Work Packages associated with each control account. A work package is a group of related tasks within a project. Because they look like projects themselves, they are often thought of as sub-projects within a larger project. Work packages are the smallest unit of work that a project can be broken down into when creating your Work Breakdown Structure (WBS).
   
   Since work packages are the smallest parts of a WBS that are delivered to the customer, they must be explained clearly to the project stakeholders. To explain work packages in detail, Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary is used. Work packages themselves only state nouns and name of the deliverable. But what needs to be delivered must be explained in detail and that is achieved by WBS dictionary.
   
4. The last WBS level details the Activities to be accomplished. Activities are the tasks that must be assigned to project team members to complete the work package and are (typically) based on geographical area, engineering discipline, technology, or the time needed to accomplish them.

For This Discussion

1. Based on your course project, create a four-level WBS consisting of two control accounts (you'll expand on the number of control accounts for your assignment this week)
2. Create a WBS Dictionary that explains your identified Work Packages
3. Activities are grouped into individual work packages based on any number of variables. Explain your rationale for these groupings.

Requirement:

Create your own e-commerce business in Saudi Arabia (website or mobile application), you need to explain the process that you will follow in building your e-commerce presence.

Before you begin to build a website or app of your own, there are some important questions you will need to think about and answer. The answers to these questions will drive the development and implementation of your e-commerce presence.

Set up Your E-Commerce Presence

• What is the idea? (the visioning process)

• Introduce your e-commerce business.
  • Provide an overview of your business idea
• Product and type of services.
  • What are the different types of products? Explain
  • What kinds of services are provided by your online store? [ customer service, exchange and return, delivery and payment options] Explain
• Business statement.
• Business vision.
• Business objective.

• Where’s the money:
  • What is the company’s business model?
  • Give a general idea of how your business will generate revenues

• Who and where is the target audience? Explain demographics, lifestyle, consumption patterns, etc.
• What is the ballpark? Characterize the marketplace. - Size, growth, demographics, structure.
• Where’s the content coming from?
• Know yourself— conduct a SWOT analysis for your business.
• Develop an e-commerce presence map.
• Develop a timeline: Milestones. - 6 phases.
• How much will this cost?

Building an E-Commerce Site: A Systematic Approach

• Planning: The Systems Development Life Cycle

• Systems analysis/planning

• Business objectives. What are the capabilities you want your site to have?
• System functionalities (Shopping cart, payment system …. etc.)
• Information requirements (Dynamic text and graphics catalog … etc.)

• Systems design

• (Logical and Physical)
• How it will look likes in terms of design and format

• Building the system (a simple website layout)

• Create your own website using wix.com www.wix.com
• Or you can design the layout using any free e-commerce website template.
• Include 2-4 screenshots of your site

• Testing (What type of testing will be applied?)
• Implementation

Choosing Software

The development of e-commerce required a great deal more interactive functionality, such as the ability to respond to user input (name and address forms), take customer orders for goods and services, clear credit card transactions on the fly, consult price and product databases, and even adjust advertising on the screen based on user characteristics.

• • Functionality for web server
  • Provides basic functionality for sales
• Online catalogue
• Shopping cart
• Credit card processing

Explain the different software you need for your site functionality.

Choosing Hardware

• Underlying computing equipment needed for e-commerce functionality
• Right-Sizing Your Hardware Platform: The Demand Side and the Supply Side
• Explain the different hardware needed for your site or app.

Payment and Security

• What are the methods of payment you are going to use in your online store and why?
• What are the commonly used technologies to secure your online transactions?
• Develop a privacy policy. The policy should outline how information will be collected and used?

Categorize marketing and advertising strategy and method.

• Explain the online, offline and social media marketing strategies you will use to bring people to your website? And why?

Explain your business e-commerce process

• Explain in detail all the steps from the time a visit is recorded until the final user buys a product.

Conclude your report.

Guidelines for the assignment:

• Make sure to include the cover page with all information required.
• This is group project, which is part from your course score. It requires effort, search and critical thinking.
• Use font Times New Roman, Calibri or Arial.
• Use 1.5 or double line spacing with left Justify all paragraphs.
• Use the footer function to insert page number.
• Ensure that you follow the APA style in your project and references.
• Your project report length should be between 2200 to 2500 words.

Make a clear case 1) for passing legislation that requires a quota for women on corporate boards, 2) against passing legislation that requires a quota for women on corporate boards, 3) do you agree or disagree with the idea of the quota for women on corporate boards? 200 words total

the authors have profiled the Toyota Production System (TPS) and its three core components:

• Continuous Improvement
• Respect for People
• Standard Work Practice

The chapter has also explained the following concepts:

• Just-in-Time Systems
• Lean Operations

In your own words, and with the help of the company’s website (www.tmmc.ca or www.toyota.ca), write a 2-3 page document explaining what you understand by these concepts, and how has Toyota used them to maintain an efficient manufacturing process, meet quality standards, empower its employees, satisfy customer needs, and help it to achieve competitive advantage.

To whom would you complain if you believed the FAA had exceeded its authority, either as a matter of general rulemaking/policy, or in a specific case?

Scenario- program to increase marketing majors at university by increasing the number of community college dual enrollment students

implementation and evaluation- briefly explain what steps, resources would you as a college would imply for success of dual enrollment. How would you determine your success or failure in a timetable manner?

Crank Ltd

Crank has been in business since the 1920’s and have three locations in the UK. Their Head Office and main manufacturing site is in Leicester. This site makes complex tubular assemblies for defence organisations, oil and gas and transportation. There is a site at Southampton making tubular shafts for golf clubs, and a site in Glasgow manufacturing aerospace Duct assemblies up to 8″ diameter.

The procurement organisation is currently decentralised. At Leicester, there is a Purchasing Manager, whereas at Southampton and Glasgow, each site has a Chief Buyer in charge of small procurement teams. There is a new Chief Executive of Crank who fervently believes that he needs a new approach for the Group in the way procurement is structured. Over the past month, he has, quietly, been obtaining some salient facts.

The more important ones are

• Each site operates as a ‘Profit Centre’ and the Site Director has to deliver a targeted Return on Capital Employed;

• There are no Group purchase contracts;

• Five major purchases account for 61% of total Group expenditure – they are all raw material including different specifications of tubing;

• There are more than 40 suppliers for the five major purchases;

• No formal tendering has taken place, on any site, for more than two years;

• Capital equipment is purchased by the Group Chief Engineer;

• The company has embraced modern logistics practices including JIT and OTIF (On Time In Full);

• There is no savings plan for purchasing;

• The purchasing teams do not liaise.

The Chief Executive intends to consider an alternative purchasing structure that can deliver benefits for the Group and each operational site. On the basis of your knowledge and the salient facts above what advice could you give him?

Tasks

(c) What alternative structures could be considered?

(d) What are the potential obstacles to change?

(e) What business benefits could accrue from a changed purchasing structure?

How do these factors: cause a widespread usage of high frequency trading?

• Increase in competition

• New models for market access

• Fragmented order flow

Should public health and not-for-profit organizations set priorities for programs? Why?

Granite Housing Association Granite Housing Association (GHA), a charitable organisation, is a Registered Social Landlord (RSL). Its operations are part funded by the Government. GHA is based in the South East of England and manages 30,000 properties. It was created from 7 other RSLs with portfolios ranging from 1,800 to 14,600 properties. Five of the original RSLs had their own maintenance workforce while the other two used external contractors. 30% of the inhouse workforces are also tenants. Each workforce has remained on its own terms and conditions of employment and operates independently of each other. Activities associated with the workforce fell into three main areas: 1. Reactive maintenance 2. Void management and refurbishment 3. Programmed capital works Reactive maintenance requests are initiated by the tenant requesting repairs for damage to property, broken locks, leaking windows, etc. Void management is triggered when a tenant leaves. Typically, the property needs to be made secure, which may involve boarding windows and doors and/or installation of alarms. While the property is vacant prior to a new tenant arriving and dependent upon the condition of the premises, they may need full or partial refurbishment which may include central heating upgrades, kitchen and bathroom replacements. Programmed capital works includes the significant upgrading of a number of properties in a locality which may, for example, include replacement double-glazed windows. Two years remain on the framework agreements for the supply only of plumbing materials and supply only of building supplies, and four years remain on framework contracts for the supply and fitting of alarms, the supply only of kitchen units and the supply only of glazing products. The accountant, James Andrews, has undertaken an analysis of a new government scheme to encourage renewable forms of energy and has proposed that a major capital programme can be undertaken to install solar panels on properties with a south facing roof. For 8,000 properties the scheme is financially viable, for a further 7,000 properties the cases further work would require additional investigation to determine economic viability. The programme will be beneficial both to the tenant and to Granite. However, the in-house workforce does not have the capacity to undertake this activity.

Tasks

You are the Procurement Manager for GSA and you have been asked to consider:

(a) Initiating the procurement of an externally managed programme of installation of solar panels

(b) Outsourcing the three categories of activities undertaken by the in-house workforce.

1. What would you need to consider in relation to both the above initiatives?

2. What contractual matters would need consideration in the relation to the outsourcing initiative and the existing frameworks?

Why was Affirmative Action put into place?

Do you think Title VII and Affirmative Action are still necessary? Why or why not?

Gilbert Moss and Angela Pasaic spent several summers during their college years working at archaeological sites in the Southwest. While at those digs, they learned how to make ceramic tiles from local artisans. After college they made use of their college experiences to start a tile manufacturing firm called Mossaic Tiles, Ltd. They opened their plant in New Mexico, where they would have convenient access to a special clay they intend to use to make a clay derivative for their tiles. Their manufacturing operation consists of a few relatively simple but precarious steps, including molding the tiles, baking, and glazing. Gilbert and Angela plan to produce two basic types of tile for use in home bathrooms, kitchens, sunrooms, and laundry rooms. The two types of tile are a larger, single- colored tile and a smaller, patterned tile.In the manufacturing process, the color or pattern is added before a tile is glazed. Either a single color is sprayed over

the top of a baked set of tiles or a stenciled pattern is sprayed on the top of a baked set of tiles.The tiles are produced in batches of 100. The first step is to pour the clay derivative into

specially constructed molds. It takes 18 minutes to mold a batch of 100 larger tiles and 15 minutes to prepare a mold for a batch of 100 smaller tiles. The company has 60 hours available

each week for molding. After the tiles are molded, they are baked in a kiln: 0.27 hour for a batch of 100 larger tiles and 0.58 hour for a batch of 100 smaller tiles. The company has 105 hours

available each week for baking. After baking, the tiles are either colored or patterned and glazed. This process takes 0.16 hour for a batch of 100 larger tiles and 0.20 hour for a batch of 100

smaller tiles. Forty hours are available each week for the glazing process. Each batch of 100 large tiles requires 32.8 pounds of the clay derivative to produce, whereas each batch of smaller

tiles requires 20 pounds. The company has 6,000 pounds of the clay derivative available each week. Mossaic Tiles earns a profit of $190 for each batch of 100 of the larger tiles and $240 for

each batch of 100 smaller patterned tiles. Angela and Gilbert want to know how many batches of each type of tile to produce each week to maximize profit. In addition, they have some questions about resource usage they would like answered.

A) Formulate a linear programming model on excel for Mossaic Tiles, Ltd. to determine the mix of tiles it should manufacture each week.

B) For artistic reasons, Gilbert and Angela like to produce the smaller, patterned tiles better. They also believe that in the long run, the smaller tiles will be a more successful product.

What must the profit be for the smaller tiles in order for the company to produce only the smaller tiles?

C) Mossaic believes it may be able to reduce the time required for molding to 16 minutes for a batch of larger tiles and 12 minutes for a batch of the smaller tiles. How will this affect

the solution?

D) The company that provides Mossaic with clay has indicated that it can deliver an additional 100 pounds each week. Should Mossaic agree to this offer? Explain.