Question

Discuss innate immunity

Answer 1

Immunity is the ability of body to protect itself from the foreign substance which is entering in the body.

there are two types of immunity- innate immunity and acquired immunity.

Innate immunity which is understood by name means initial which is already present in a organism or we can see the immunity which is inherited comes from the parents and present throughout the life.

Innate immunity consists of some barrier by which it protects the organism body.

• Physical barrier
• physiological
• cytokine
• cellular

Physical barrier :- which protects the body from entering the foreignn body such as any bacteria, virus,pathogen etc.

Skin and mucous membrane which first trap the foreing substance from enetring the body.

The tough layer of skin protect the body and mucous membrane consists of mucus which traps the foreign body.

Physiological barrier which are present inside the body such as body temperature, ph of body, sweat, sebum, urine.

Lysozyme which is present in saliva and eyes helps to distort the foreign body by ingesting its cell wall.

urine removes the foreign body from the body through urine.

there are some microorganism which can resist certain ph and temp.so ph and body temp. of body also helps to attack the microbe,

Cellular barrier which consists of leucocytes , natural killer system and complement system

leucocytes helps to attack the bacteria . they are known as phagocytic killers.

natural killer cells and complement sytem which works by forming pore in the plasma membrane of microbe and then through pre water enter and causes swelling and then burst,

natural killer cells are present in lymph nodes, spleen and in bone marrow wheras complement system which is basically a protein produced in liver and present in clotting factor of blood.

when foreign body enter there is a response generate in body which is inflammation and fever by which it attack the microbe.

Cytokine barrier:- are proteins such as cytokines, interleukins, interferons which is produced from the lymphocytes, leucocytes. they are also for the protection from the microbe.