Question

2. Immunity

A) Discuss innate immunity

B) Discuss ONE SPECIFIC autoimmune disease

C) Discuss blood agglutination

D) Discuss Rh lncompatibility in pregnancy

Answer 1

A) Innate immunity refers to non specific defence mechanisms that come into play Immediately or within hours of antigen's appearance in the body. These mechanisms include physical barriers like skin, chemicals in the blood and immune system cells that attack foreign cells in the body.

B) Rheumatoid arthritis.

Stages: Stage 1 - The body mistakenly attacks its own joint tissue.

Stage2 - The body makes the antibodies and the joints start swelling up.

Stage3 - The joint's start becoming bent and deformed, the fingers become crooked and presses the nerves causing nerve pain as well.

Stage4 : If untreated, joint becomes fused.

C) Blood Agglutination: It is the clumping of particles. It occurs if an antigen is mixed with its corresponding antibody called Isoagglutinin.

D) Rh incompatibility in pregnancy: It occurs when a pregnant woman whose blood type is Rh negative is exposed to Rh positive blood from her fetus, leading to mother's development of Rh antibodies. This causes the fetus to become anemic, leading to hemolytic disease of the new born.

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