Use these terms correctly to describe the process of digesting lactose from milk in lactose tolerant individuals: lactose, lactase, digestion, protein synthesis, transcription, translation, polypeptide chain, protein, disaccharide, monosaccharide, milk, mitochondria.

Describe how the HeLa cell line was formed (biologically) and why it is significant in the history of biomedical research.

ENZYMES DATA ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

Results:

 Table 5.1 - Catalase Activity

 Table 5.2 - Effect of Temperature

 Table 5.3 - Effect of Enzyme Concentration & Time

 Table 5.4 - Effect of pH

EFFECT OF pH:

1. Bubble height indicates the degree of enzyme activity. Based on the results of your experiment, which tube

had the highest bubble column height? What can you conclude about this pH?

2. Explain the results of the other two tubes. What is your conclusion concerning the effect of pH on enzyme

activity?

EFFECT OF ENZYME CONCENTRATION & TIME:

1. What is your conclusion concerning the effects of enzyme concentration and time on enzyme activity?

2. If unlimited time was allotted, would the results be the same in all tubes? Explain your answer.

ERRORS:

1. List two types of errors that could have occurred during this lab. Explain how they could have affected the

outcome of your experiments.

2. Were you surprised by any of the results you obtained in this lab? If so, what did you see and why do you

think it happened?

In Drosophila, vestigial (partially formed) wings (vg) are recessive to normal long wings (vg+), and the gene for this trait is located on an autosome. The gene for the white-eye trait is on the X chromosome. Suppose a homozygous white-eyed, long-winged female fly is crossed with a homozygous red-eyed, vestigial winged male.

. What are the expected genotypes, phenotypes and their ratios in the F1 flies?

P1 white, long females: ______________ X P2 red, vestigial males: ___________________

F1 genotypes: _______________________________________________________________

F1 phenotypes: _______________________________________________________________

2. What are the expected genotypes, phenotypes and their ratios in the F2 flies?

F1 females: _____________________ X F1 males: __________________________

3. What are the expected genotypes and phenotypes, and the ratios of each of the progeny resulting from a cross between F1 flies back to each parent?

F1 female: _____________________ X P2 red, vestigial male: __________________________

F1 male: _____________________ X P1 white, long female: __________________________

1. The following gRNA has been designed: ATGAACGAAATAGA

If we were to use this gRNA sequence in a genome editing project, which of the following genomes will be edited with off-target effects, explain why and how many off-target effects would be observed? (2pts)

Budding yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 12x10^6 bp

Zebrafish - Danio rerio: 1.61x1^9 bp

Round worm - Caenorhabditis elegans: 9700x10^4 bp

Arabidopsis - Arabidopsis thaliana: 157,000,000 bp

what would you do if you were working a case and a 36-hour post-coital sexual assault sample showed positive fluorescence, had a positive presumptive test but you could not identify sperm under the microscope and the confirmatory RSID test was also negative?  What are the possible reasons for this result?  What would you do in this case if you had other test available to you?  If you would opt for additional testing, which tests would you choose and why?

How would you resolve two DNA fragments of similar size as two separate bands on an agarose gel?

The law of the conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created or destroyed within a closed system, but we also know that any transfer of energy is not 100% efficient and some energy “escapes”. Write briefly about the transfer of energy within our cells …. how do we obtain, store, and use energy? Be sure to give specific examples of the way we convert chemical energy to mechanical and transport/potential energy within the cell. Also address how the “loss” of energy is observable within the cell.

Describe in mechanistic detail at the level of protein subunits and specific sites in them how the F0 rotor is driven. What is the role of the stator argine?

Please be detailed in response.

Describe in detail how the entire PKC pathway works, and diagram.  Since we know the PKC pathway is activated by certain polypeptide hormones.

Topic: Epigenome Class: Concepts in biology 1103 uga

Explain how chromatin structure or chemical modification of DNA - known as epigenetics - affect gene expression?

When ADP levels are low, ___________.

A Option A: there is a sustained build-up in the proton-motive force B

Option B: all of the choices are correct

C Option C: the proton pumping reactions of the electron transport chain are inhibited

Option D: the consumption of oxygen by cytochrome oxidase is inhibited

4. An albino man marries a normally-pigmented woman who had an albino mother. Show the types of children that this couple may have and the proportions of each. (Albino is recessive; normal is dominant).

Case Presentation

A form of HCO that offers nurses the opportunity to fully realize their professional role is the Magnet© organization. Magnet organizations are HCOs, primarily hospitals, that have adopted organizational practices that promote excellence in nursing practice. The HCO that adopts Magnet principles is committing to an organizational design and structure that empowers nursing staff to achieve higher levels of performance through engagement and participation. The Magnet designation is only obtained after a process of learning and self-evaluation followed by changes to the organization’s structure. These design changes provide a decentralized authority structure created to support participative management and professional autonomy for nurses. Nurses working in Magnet facilities are expected to be active participants in organizational processes, to govern themselves, to collaborate with other professional colleagues and to be both responsible and accountable for the outcomes of nursing care.

Magnet designation is an empowerment model that captures the main features of the complex adaptive system. Adopting Magnet principles meant to attract and retain excellent nurses is, fundamentally, recognition that professional nursing is a valuable and scarce resource essential to the effective function of the HCO. Nurses are not simply workers in the system but are instead a critical component of the organization, making substantial contributions to the success of the HCO. To achieve this recognition, an HCO must be able to demonstrate the full integration of professional nursing into its operations through authority structures that move decision making, power, and control of practice to nurses throughout the organization. This is usually accomplished through the creation of governance councils in which all nursing staff are able to voice their concerns with care issues and then make decisions that will affect how care is delivered in that facility. Professional decision making is no longer the exclusive domain of the nursing executive and directors. Instead, there is a flattening of hierarchical relationships related to authority and control over practice with more of the responsibilities for care outcomes being assumed by nursing staff.

1. Would a reference to nursing logically fit in the mission statement of a magnet?

2.What are examples of how a magnet HCO captures the main features of a complex adaptive system?

The HCO must also demonstrate that appropriate processes are in place that allow for the development of innovative care strategies and that nurses can implement and review the results of their innovation efforts. Quality management in Magnet organizations is robust, and nurses are fully involved in creative activities that encourage continuous quality improvement and the achievement of excellence in nursing care. These facilities promote the continuing professional development of their nurses by supporting education and career-ladder programs.

Case Analysis

This care exemplifies the concept Health Care Organizations major and minor attributes of purpose, public trust, structure, and organizational environment. Although Magnet designation is specific to nursing, the adoption of a Magnet design by an HCO has spillover benefits for the entire organization. Because the HCO is an integrated system and professional nursing is the largest workforce in most of these organizations, an active and engaged nursing workforce positively influences other members and other components of the HCO. Empowered nurses act as transformative agents in the Magnet structure, leading efforts to improve the quality of care and inspiring others in the organization to join in the effort to create better systems and improved HCO outcomes. In the end, the HCO with Magnet designation benefits from increased collaboration, self-determination, and participation by nurses because this increases the capacity of the organization to adapt to uncertainty and change.

Fill the table

What do these three phylum tell us about the evolution of the traits in the table above?