he distribution of the CCR5 mutation is found at high frequency in Northern Europe and at progressively lower frequency as we move south. This would be an example of which phenomenon studied in population genetics?

A) Gene flow  B) Drift C) Natural selection D) Mutation

1. How might global warming alter the geographic distributions of species? Specifically, how would animals that live at various latitudes respond to global warming?

If two allometrically related traits show a strong correlation both within and among species, what kinds of experiments would you use to test whether these correlations are due to natural selection or to developmental genetic constraints? (Assume the organisms of interest are easily amenable to laboratory study.) What can we infer about the underlying genetic architecture of traits whose allometric relationships do not vary? What about those that do vary?

Describe the series of events that occurs when a ligand binds to a receptor tyrosine kinase during cellular signalling, and what occurs once the ligand is removed?

Describe the series of events that occurs before and after a ligand binds to a G protein coupled receptor during cellular signalling?

Describe how a point mutation in genomic DNA may be detected by MLPA in a single tube. Highlight the critical elements of probes and primers used to detect a “wild type” and single nucleotide variant. Ensure the role of enzyme(s) required for this assay are explained.

Why is the detection of enterococci preferred? Explain.

How would you test for enterococci in water samples? Explain.

Answer Q1-Q4 choose a, b, c,d and e for each questions to Answer

Q1.If you find a group of organisms that all appear to have similar appearances, you could say that they belong to the same species within kingdom Animalia if ____.

Q2.Why are frogs a good indicator species?

Q3.What is a reason that it is particularly important to protect amphibian species?

Q.4An animal that has very specialized requirements and only lives in a very small area of habitat ____ compared with an animal that has a wider range and more diverse requirements.

Homework is to right an essay about *Symptoms and Signs of Seizures what we have to know about seizures* Minimum 520 words

Your high school crush is working with a breed of guinea pig in which the side on which the hair parts down the back is inherited, and it can either be on the left or the right. Left-parting appears to be dominant in this system. S/he/they crosses true-breeding parents that are phenotypically left-parters and gets a generation of right-parters. Inbreeding the F1 produces a generation that consists entirely of left-parters.

f. How is this trait transmitted?

g. What are the genotypes of the parents and the genotypic ratios of the F1 and the F2?

h. What was the genotype of the mother of the original female parent?

Regarding the growth and development of the face and occlusion from infancy to adolescence answer the following questions:

A) Describe the features of the pre-dental period and the various developmental abnormalities that may be seen in this period.

B) Describe the transition from the mixed dentition to the permanent dentition phase and the variations that may occur.

C) Using five examples of self-correcting malocclusions present during the development of the occlusion, describe the mechanisms of how each of these takes place.

D) Explain how the sequence of eruption of the permanent dentition plays a role in the establishment of a normal occlusion.

Transcription: From DNA to RNA

1. Define a gene.

2. How does RNA differ from DNA?

3. Briefly describe the process of transcription.

4. Describe the process of transcription as it occurs in prokaryotes.

5. What is the role of the promoter?

6. Describe the process of transcription as it occurs in eukaryotes.

7. What is the role of the transcription factors? A mutation exists in transcription factors that causes them to bind slightly downstream of the TATA box, causing them to cover the first 3 nucleotides of a gene. RNA polymerase can still transcribe the gene to mRNA, but it misses the first 3 nucleotides. How would this impact translation?

8. What is the role of kinase and phosphatase in eukaryotic transcription?

9. How does RNA polymerase know which strand of the DNA to transcribe? What would happen if it chose the wrong strand?

10. Why does translation in prokaryotes begin before transcription is complete?

11. What must occur in eukaryotes before translation can begin?

12. How are the ends of the mRNA modified in eukaryotes?

13. What are introns and exons?

14. Describe the process of RNA splicing.

15. What is the role of alternative splicing in evolution?

16. Compare and contrast transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

)Tabulate how transmission electron microscopy (TEM) differs from traditional light microscopy regarding (a) sample preparation (4), (b) processing (4), (c) instrumentation (4), (d) detection (4) and (e) the structures that can be observed (3), (f) staining (3), (g) IHC (4) and (h) ISH (4).