1.

Which of the following is (are) correct regarding a proteome?

Group of answer choices

a. It is the collection of proteins that can be expressed by an organism

b. All of the proteome is expressed by each of the cells in an organism at all times

c. The proteins produced by the cell will be dependent on cell type and environment conditions

d. b) and c)

e. a) and c)

2.

Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true regarding the term alleles:

Group of answer choices

a. Present in two copies in a diploid organism.

b. Represent different forms of a gene for the same trait.

c. The nucleotide sequence in alleles representing the same trait must be identical

d. Both a) and b) are correct

e. All are correct.

3.

Depolarization is _______________

Group of answer choices

a. Going to a larger positive resting potential

b. Going to a larger negative resting potential

c. Makes it easier to open channels

d. a) and c) are correct

e. b) and c) are correct

4.

Metabotropic receptors:

Group of answer choices

a. Are G-protein linked receptors

b. Let the ions through the receptors based on conformation change

c. Transmembrane domain forms ion channels

d. Affect the neurons short term

e. None of the above

QUESTION 7

What is the purpose of gap junctions?

A. To prevent the leakage of extracellular fuid.

B. To provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent plant cells.

C. To fasten cells together.

D. To provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells.

QUESTION 8

During which phase of the cell cycle do homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate?

A. Metaphase III

B. Metaphase I

C. Metaphase

D. Metaphase II

QUESTION 9

Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that contributes to genetics variation?

A. Random pairing of homologous chromosomes

B. Random fertilization

C. Crossing over

D. Independent assortment of chromosomes

QUESTION 10

Generally speaking, how does a proto-oncogene become an oncogene?

A. The proto-oncogene is an inactive precursor protein that is cleaved to form the mature oncogene.

B. The proto-oncogene is phosphorylated, altering the function to that of an oncogene.

C. Proto-oncogenes can never become oncogenes. These are two completely different things.

D. The proto-oncogene is mutated, altering the function to that of an oncogene.

QUESTION 11

During which process are gametes (sperm and egg) produced?

A. Mitosis

B. Budding

C. Binary Fission

D. Meiosis

An invasive plant gets into your garden. It spreads through and out-competes all of you plants, reducing the local diversity. Which principle applies most directly?

A muskrat has a litter of offspring with another muskrat. Then another litter 7 months later, then 4 years later. Which reproductive strategy best applies?

During the North American summer, large areas of the Midwest have very high albedo. This is likely because of

Nesting birds often display this type of distribution or dispersion pattern, often resulting from competition. (For example... how their nests are individually spaced)

The energy from the sun must be directly converted into chemical energy by heterotrophs for living organisms to use it.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a K-selected species

morphological description of Vitaceae Description?

How are the leaves arranged?

What is the shape of the leaf?

Leaf type? pinnately compound. palmately compound or simple

What other leaf characteristics are important? leaf margins Is the leaf is petiolate, sessile, or clasping?

Inflorescence type ? spike raceme panicle corymb umbel helicoid cyme

Reproduction? Any information ?

synapomorphies of this plant family are?

64. Computationally predicting protein structure from a sequence may involve a “homology modeling” approach and/or “ab initio” techniques such as fragment assembly. Describe how both evolutionary data and knowledge of physico-chemical principles / force fields are used in predicting the structure adopted by a protein sequence.

1. The process of splicing:

Group of answer choices

a. Removes intron sequences

b. Removes polypeptides

c. Joins exon sequences

d. a) and c)

e. b) and c)

2.

Which of the following functions is not attributed to non-coding RNA?

Group of answer choices

a. RNA interference

b. Degredation of mRNA

c. Splicing of RNA

d. Post-translational modification of proteins

e. All of the above are the functions of non-coding RNA

3.

Conversion between electrical / chemical signals

Group of answer choices

a. Conversion between electrical / chemical signals

b. Reception of signal

c. Signal transmission

d. Pre- and Post-synaptic changes

e. All of the above

66. Describe the role of force fields in the approach to identify a protein that binds influenza hemagglutinin.

Examine the ingredient list for Yves Jumbo Veggie Dogs (Water, soy protein, wheat gluten, tofu (water, soybeans, magnesium chloride), cane sugar, wheat starch, salt, yeast extract, spices, carrageenan (from seaweed), natural liquid smoke, beetroot powder, potassium chloride, vitamin and mineral blend. Contains soy, wheat and mustard.) Vegetable protein and a vegetable gum are included to help give the product its structure. Identify which ingredients from the list contribute to structure and belong to either classification (i.e., vegetable protein or vegetable gum) and discuss their functionality with respect to product structure.

A prominent academic, Jarred Diamond, has called the agricultural revolution "the worst mistake in the history of the human race." Do you agree or disagree? What are your reasons? Please submit at least 250 words in your reply. You should go into the benefits and drawbacks of agriculture while painting your argument.

3.Explain the term semiautonomous and the developmental relationships between the various plastid types – “how they are formed, what stimulates their formation”.

4.Compare and contrast between the general products and substrates of photosynthesis and respiration.

How does one recognize sex-linked inheritance? How could one distinguish a sex-linked dominant allele from a sex-linked recessive allele?

What is the significance of a recombination frequency of 50%? Is it possible to have a recombination rate significantly greater than 50% (such as 80 or 90%)?

1. Sympatric species have overlapping territory.

2. Bees and wasps both have specialized physical and chemical defenses. Their coloration is also similar. This is an example of...

3. Acid rain is associated with all of the following biogeochemical cycles EXCEPT...

4. As seen in the Galapagos finch example, competition can cause character displacement.

R-selected species would exhibit?

1. Type 1 survival curve

2. External fertilization

3. Eutherian development

4. Viviparity

Given that the pKas of the α-amino group and the α-carboxylic acid group in an amino acid are about 9 and 2 respectively, explain why the zwitterion is the predominant form of an amino acid at pH 7.