Question

1. While sitting, a patient experienced a heart rate of 110 beats/minute, hypertension, and pupil dilation. His diet habits had not change and he did not gain or lose weight. Lab results revealed normal blood electrolytes, glucose, and thyroid hormone levels. He may have an excessive secretion of the following:

a) Epinephrine

b) Aldosterone

c) Antidiuretic Hormone

d) Acetylcholine

e) Thyroid Hormone

2. Patient in the question #1 was diagnosed with a hypersecreting tumor from the following:

a) Adrenal Medulla

b) Adrenal Cortex

c) Thyroid

d) Pituitary

e) Hypothalamus

3. A 30 year old male patient has experienced weight loss without dieting, increased perspiration, thinning skin and hair changes, tachycardia-at-rest, hypertension, and hot intolerance. He had blurred and double vision. Lab results showed an abnormally high levels of TSH, and normal blood levels of electrolytes, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. The weight loss was due to the following:

a) Hypermetabolism

b) Hypometabolism

c) Hypercalcemia

d) Hypocalcemia

e) None of the Above

4. The patient in question #3 may have had excessive secretion of the following:

a) Cortisol

b) Growth Hormone

c) Thyroid Hormone

d) Norepinephrine

e) None of the Above

5. The patient in question #3 was diagnosed with the following:

a) Hypoaldosteronism

b) Hypothyroidism

c) Hyperthyroidism

d) Addison’s disease

e) Cushing Disease

Answer 1

Ans 1: As per the question, patient has normal levels of thyroid hormone, it eliminates the option excessive levels of thyroid could have caused these symptoms.

Also, thyroid hormone - thyroxine is mainly responsible for maintaining the metabolism of fats, carbohydratesand proteins. It also regulates the heart beating and has nothing to do with the pupil dilation directly. Hence, this is not the correct option.

Aldosterone - This is the hormone secreted by Adrenal cortex, it maintains blood pressure by maintaining the levels of electrolytes in the body like sodium and potassium. But patient has normal electrolytes level. Therefore, excessive levels of aldosterone are not present.

Anti-Diuretic hormone- ADH is secreted by pituitary and regulates the water level in the body and does not affect pupil dilation but due to change in water levels in the body, blood pressure could have change due to its excessive levels and can cause hypertension. But since it has nothing to do with pupil dilation so it is also ruled out from the options.

Epinephrine - It is th hormone which is called as stress or flight hormone, and excessive levels of it can cause increased heart beat and due to increased heart beat, hypertension can be observed. It acts as a neurotransmitter as well and hence responsible for causing pupil dilations also. Thus, this is the hormone which must be excessive amount in the patient .

Correct option is Epinephrine.

Hope this will help you.