1.

Identify the adaptation(s) that were not used by plants to colonize land:

Select one:

a. muscles and cartilage attached to backbones

b. colorful flower petals, flavored nectar and pollen to attract insects

c. cell walls providing structural support for roots stems and leaves

d. cones, nuts and fruits for seed dispersion

2.

One of the most important consequences of the “oxygen revolution” for the emergence of multi-cellular life:

Select one:

a. formation of an ozone layer protecting against harmful UV radiation

b. formation of sediments to preserve fossils

c. mass extinctions of fish, trilobites and dinosaurs

d. inspired emerging eukaryotes to “fight the power”

3.

Kelp forests provide critical sources of food and habitat for a variety of marine invertebrates, zooplankton, bivalves and fish species. This makes kelp a ____________________species of their ecosystems. Sea otters, in turn, consume __________________ which feast on kelp. This makes sea otters a unique  ____________________ species, because they reduce the population of kelp consumers to a sustainable level, which prevents collapse of the entire ecosystem.

Select one:

a. cornerstone, sea urchins, keystone

b. sensitive, sea urchins, cornerstone

c. keystone, sharks, cornerstone

d. keystone, sharks, sensitive

Characterize the patients that tested positive fo r CRE isolates from 2010 to 2015 in the Unites States.

2. A serial dilution of patient serum is done: Tube #1 Tube #2 Tube #3 Tube #4 Tube #5 Tube #6

1:2 1:4 1:8 1:16 1:32 1:64

One milliliter of RBCs is added to each tube and the following is noted:

Tube #1 No agglutination

Tube #2 No agglutination

Tube #3 Agglutination

Tube #4 Agglutination

Tube #5 Agglutination

Tube #6 Agglutination

a. What has happened in Tubes #1 and 2?

b. What is the antibody titer?

3. You suspect that an individual has been infected with the Nasty Virus, a highly contagious virus that has been reported in your city. Describe how you could use the Western blot procedure to confirm that this individual has been infected. (Please list the steps of the Western Blot procedure)

Can someone please explain how to calculate the average metabolic rate, standard deviation metabolic rate, mass specific metabolic rate, and Q10? I was given the initial O2 (mg/L), final O2 (mg/L), mass (g), and length (cm) of three fish at two different temperatures.

. What are some of the main nutritional concerns facing a vegetarian athlete? Do you think this is healthy way to eat for sport performance? Why or Why not?

Which do you suppose is likely to contain more G-C pairings in the genome versus more A-T pairings. A) An organism living in your throat (37 C) B) An organsim living in hot springs (55 C) Choose one and explain why.

Essay 2) Discuss the five mass-extinctions we examined in class. Be sure to highlight the impacts of each as thoroughly as possible. Also discuss the impact of extinctions in general, and how they may facilitate evolutionary processes like speciation (50 pts.)

1. Please describe negative control in terms of transcriptional regulation of gene expression?
2. Please explain the regulation of Trp operon when Trp-tRNA is available in the cell?
3. What are the classes of Transcription factors based on their regulatory responsibilities? Please explain if this distinction is absolute or not?
4. Please explain the mitochondrial protein synthesis by indicating the mitochondrial protein synthesis apparatus, the mitochondrial genetic code and so on?

5. Please explain the two hybrid assay?
5. Please explain the two hybrid assay?

What is a typical water potential in soil? In xylem? In leaves? In air? Your answers should be in MPa units. (Hint: See figure in your textbook or research online.)

Thoroughly explain the concept of dose-response and its relevance to toxicology. What is the major difference between the dose-response relationship for non-cancer causing toxic chemicals (Threshold model) and the dose response relationship for cancer causing toxic chemicals (Linear model). Why does this difference exist? List the criteria of causality and apply them to an occupational disease discussed in the course.

Please list the term that matches the description.

1. Staphylococcus aureus secretes this protein which punches holes in red blood cells. _______

2. Means “Living together”. _______

3. Degree of pathogenicity. _______

4. Hospital acquired infections that arise from a patient’s normal microbes in a health care setting.  _______

5. Lipopolysaccharide of Gram negative bacteria. _______

6. When both symbionts benefit from their interaction. _______

7. A second stage of infection disease, which is short with generalized mild symptoms. _______

8. Formerly called nosocomial infections. _______

9. Another word for disease. _______

10. A symbiont that benefits without significantly affecting the other. _______

One of major problems is neuron cell dead and you are interested in neurodegenerative diseases. You are discovered molecule involved in cell survival. Could you please desing your experiments to answer below questions? a)how do you test this molecule protect neuron cell dead? b)if this molecule protect neuron cell dead, how do you test which molecule involved in neuron cell survive? c)how do show this molecule involved neuroprotection in vivo?