Q # 6: Explain the difference between acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) fat cell related pharmacokinetics?

Q # 7: Compare and contrast endocannabinoids, anandamide, and 2-arachidonoylglycerol.

Q # 8: Compare and contrast the differences between CB1 and CB2 receptors functions and where they are distributed within the central nervous system.

Q # 9: What are the differences between amotivational syndrome, cannabis use disorder, and cannabis withdrawal syndrome?

Q # 10: What are the only clear medicinal uses for prescription (legal use) of marijuana?

discuss the general measures taken by the innate and adaptive immune cells in response to a virus.

Describe the immune and physiological process to activate naive CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cells.  Where would this most likely occur in human anatomy.

Most black bears (Ursus americanus) are black or brown in color. However, occasional white bears of this species appear in some populations along the coast of British Columbia. Kermit Ritland and his colleagues determined that white coat color in these bears results from a recessive mutation (g) caused by a single nucleotide replacement in which guanine substitutes for adenine at the melanocortin-1 receptor locus (mcr1), the same locus responsible or red hair in humans. (K. Ritland, C. Newton, and H.D. Marshall. 2001. Current Biology 11: 1468-1472). The wild type allele at this locus (G) encodes the black or brown color. Ritland and his colleagues collected samples from bears on three islands and determined their genotypes at the mcr1 locus.

a. What are the frequencies of the G and g alleles in these bears?

b. Give the genotypic frequencies expected if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

5) In order for the viruses to escape extinction, they have to keep evolving. Two different bacteriophages that infect two different bacteria had critical mutations. One mutation is at the OR2 region while the other one is at OL2.

A) What will happen when the mutation is at OR region and the bacteria is in a poor environmental condition? (7 pts)

B) What will happen when the mutation is at OL region and the bacteria is in a poor environmental condition? (7 pts)

1. In plants, how do the 4 types of gymnosperms differ from angiosperms? Please mention at least three differences here…..Which type of plant developed first? (2 points)

2. What are the three types of bacteria based on structure? What are archaea? Are both of these types of organisms prokaryotes? Why? (2 points)

3. What are at least five factors affecting an organism’s Carrying Capacity (K)? (2 points)

Explain a method to deliver your recombinant DNA to HEK293 culture cells. Explain the steps of your method.

How do phospholipids and glycolipids form membranes? What is the difference between the two types of lipids?

Glycosylation increases the structural diversity of the glycome and proteome. Discuss the structural differences between proteoglycans and mucins. What is the functional significance of each glycoprotein in cartilage formation and the mucosal environment of the body, respectively?

The net primary productivity is the a total amount of plant b- -Organic matter available as food c- Total mass of biological life

a

DFC Post Work (SOAP Notes)

Background

Today you are meeting with Laura, a 34 year old woman who is 30 weeks pregnant. Laura has had one previous pregnancy that resulted in the birth of a 4400 g healthy baby, Sarah, who is now 16 months old. Laura is married, and her husband, David, is with her at this visit. David works full time as a Physician Assistant, but the practice that he works for has recently been purchased by a health plan and he is unsure about his job's future right now. Laura works half time as a legal secretary.

Laura and David carefully planned for their first pregnancy. They were married several years ago, but waited to have their first child until they were financially secure enough that Laura could work part time after the baby came. They both made a point of making healthy food choices and avoiding alcohol when they were trying to conceive their first child. They attended both a preconception health education class and a prepared childbirth class.

Sarah proved to be a challenging baby. She is only now beginning to sleep through the night. She had "colic" symptoms until she was almost 6 months old. Laura and David felt strongly about breastfeeding, and had been to classes and read books about breastfeeding. However, they encountered some difficulties with breastfeeding for the first few weeks. These included sore nipples, a breast infection, and a perceived lack of an adequate milk supply. When Laura went back to work 3 months post partum Sarah eagerly took bottles of formula while her mother was at work. Despite Laura's plan to maintain exclusive breastfeeding and pumping of breastmilk for several months, Sarah was soon just nursing a couple of times a day, and stopped nursing altogether 2 to 3 weeks after Laura discovered that she was pregnant again.

Laura and David had wanted another child at some point, but this current pregnancy was not intended. Although they have accepted the pregnancy, they state that they have concerns about the effect that a new baby will have on Sarah, their marriage, and their finances.

Laura and David have good health insurance coverage, but Laura has only been seen 4 times for prenatal care for this pregnancy.

Anthropometric Data

Laura's prepregnancy weight with this pregnancy was 175 #. She is 61 " tall. She gained 55 pounds in her first pregnancy, and lost 20 of those pounds before she became pregnant again. Today her weight is 200#.

Health History

Laura's health history is unremarkable. Her blood pressure today is within normal limits. She denies use of drugs, tobacco.

Laura states that she does not like to exercise. She joined a health club a few years ago, but stopped going after about 6 weeks because she felt out of place and she thought that it was boring. She started a walking program after her first pregnancy with another new mother from her mom’s group, but her friend moved away and Laura doesn’t like to walk alone.

At the beginning of both of her pregnancies Laura experienced considerable nausea and occasional vomiting as well as overwhelming fatigue. Today Laura complains of the onset of several pregnancy discomforts that also bothered her toward the end of her first pregnancy. These include heartburn, intermittent diarrhea and constipation, fatigue, and edema in her ankles.

Laboratory Values

Last week Laura had a 50 gram oral glucose screen. Results at one hour were 120 mg/100 ml. Laura's hematocrit today is 31%.

Supplements

Laura is intermittently taking a standard prenatal vitamin and mineral supplement that contains 30 mg per day of elemental iron. She feels that this supplement has contributed to some of her pregnancy related discomforts. David has recently been to a continuing education conference on nutrition and reproductive health. There were several vendors of nutritional supplements who displayed products at the conference. He is asking your advice today about fish oil, zinc, and calcium supplements in pregnancy.

Answers the following Assessment and plan for patient

a. Synthesis of subjective and objective?

b. Not a medical diagnosis, but discusses problems or issues to be addressed?

c. Risks – injury, fall, infection?

d. Nurse concerns – anxious, depressed, s/s of infection?

e. Interventions

f. Education

g. Consults needed

  Fill out the table below. Be sure to use a different font color (red or blue are great). Include the following types of microbes: Algae, Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Helminths, Protists, and Viruses.

18. Certain microbes associated with food can also be harmful. We refer to these as_______________________ _______________

21. Fruit juices are susceptible to the growth of yeasts, molds, and some _____________ ___________________ bacteria

22. Norovirus, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, and rotavirus are important viral diseases that may be transmitted through food, but their transmission has generally been associated with contamination by food _________________ _________________.

Describe how mutations cause the following diseases and specifically what the mutation is:
1) Sickle cell anemia

2) G6PD deficiency

3) Thalassemia

4) Chondrodysplasia

5) Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Q # 1: Define and describe the following terms: 1) cannabinoids, cannabis, phytocannabinoids, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, marijunna, and dabbing.

Q # 2: What are the differences between marijuana and hashish in terms of their THC content? How do they differ from time-period and whether or not they are oil or non-oil based products?

Q # 3: What is the difference between marijuana and K2?

Q # 4: What is the difference between marijuana, dronabinol, and WIN52212-12 in terms of THC content, potency, and DEA schedule?

Q # 5: Compare and contrast the metabolism of delta-9-THC based on oral ingestion vs. inhalation drug exposure.