3.describe completely an ?-keratin structure like hair explain what is holding the ? helical structures together and what type of interaction holds ?-keratin, is a type coil together . hair and animals horns are made up of a ?-keratin, structure but they obviously have different properties explain how this is possible

4.in fetal hemoglobin the important Ser on the y chain mutates to Cyc why ?

5.in collagen triplex helix all hydroxylsine was altered to Ala why e?

6.In myoglobin HisF8 was changed to Trp, what are the consequences of this ?

Compare the mechanisms that C_3, C₄, and CAM plants use to obtain and use carbon dioxide.

Why would you expect photorespiration on a hot, dry day to occur less in C₄ and CAM plants than in C₃ plants?

why the progross of gene therapy has been dissapointly slow , give actual examples of failure gene therapy trails

A friend of yours has twin 5 year old girls and loves to take them to the pool. You friend tells you, however that the most annoying thing is that although the girls are asked to pee before going into the pool, they generally say they don't have to pee, just to ask to go pee 5 minutes after being in the pool! "What's up with that?!" your friend asks, "Could there be something wrong with the girls, are they just being mischievous? Do you think I should take them to the doctor to see if there is a problem with their bladders? It only ever happens when they go into the pool". As a physiology student, apply your knowledge to explain why the girls tend to have to pee when they go swimming.

Question 1) Using your knowledge of physiology and circulation, how does the body respond if it gets cold, as would be the case during swimming?

1. Which receptor is responsible for detecting cold?
2. What pathway does the information travel up to the brain?
3. Where in the brain is the information received?
4. To conserve heat, where will blood be directed? To the limbs, or to the vital organs?
5. How is blood directed?

Question 2) Now that we know where blood is being directed when the body gets cold, how does that affect the following?

1. Blood pressure
2. Cardiac output
3. ANS
4. Osmoreceptors, Posterior Pituitary and ADH

Questions 3) How do the kidneys respond to the changes that can occur in blood pressure, cardiac output, ANS, Osmoreceptor, Posterior Pituitary and ADH, as noted in the previous questions?

1. How do the kidneys respond to changes in blood pressure?
2. How do the kidneys respond to changes in cardiac output and blood volume?
3. How do the kidneys respond to changes in ANS?
4. How do the kidneys respond to changes detected by osmoreceptors?
5. What hormones regulate water uptake in the kidneys?
6. What are water channels called?
7. In which part (s) of the nephron is water absorbed?

Question 4) Now that you have applied your knowledge, what can you tell your friend about their question? Is there something wrong? (Yes or no). What is your diagnosis?

******PLEASE INDICATE WHICH QUESTION YOU ARE ANSWERING

What different characteristics would you expect to find in a bacterium that causes infection in/on:

–Lungs?

–Small intestines?

–Stomach?

–Skin?

- What are the genomics and proteomics features of the isolate (Campylobacter Hepaticus) and compare them to those of other common Campylobacter species.

  - The risk of antibiotic resistant plasmids present in bacteria isolated from poultry sources.

What is BrdU and how can you test the effect of each phase in neurogenesis? Why could it be used in this way for each phase including proliferation, migration, survival and differentiation? Please explain how BrdU can be used in each of these phases of neurogenesis.

10. Consider predator-prey oscillations, an interesting example of population dynamics. Define and describe using real examples. Finally discuss how humans could possibly influence this phenomenon.

The oncology clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is asked to develop a staff development program for registered nurse who will be administering chemotherapeutic agent. Because the nurses will be administering a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs to oncology patients, the CNS plans on presenting an overview of agents,classifications, and special precaution of these drugs.( Learning objective 6 and 8).
a. What does the CNS describe as the goals of chemotherapy?
b. How should the CNS respond to the following equation:" why do patients require rounds of chemotherapeutic drugs, including different drugs and varying intervals?"
c.In teaching about the administration of chemotherapeutic agents.what signs of extravasation should the nurse include?
d. what clinical manifestations of myelosupprssion secondary to chemotherapy administration, should the CNS include in this program?

Microbes have several mechanisms of pathogenicity. Contrast pathogenicity and virulence. Describe five virulence factors found in microbes and explain how each affects the establishment and success of disease.

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria occurs because ___.

Group of answer choices

antibiotic exposure triggers mutations in bacteria

human cells become immune to the effects of the antibiotics over time

bacteria mutate in order to become resistant

antibiotic use kills bacteria which are not resistant, leaving resistant bacteria to reproduce

28) Which disease(s) is/are not caused by a virus?

A) Botulism

B) Tetanus

C) Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD)

D) All of the above

E) A and B

29) Which of the following is not a body defense against foodborne pathogens?

A) Hemorrhoids

B) Intestinal microflora

C) Low pH of stomach

D) Lysozyme in saliva

E) Secretory IgA in intestine

34) An enterotoxin is a type of …

A) Endotoxin

B) Exotoxin

C) Hypertoxin

D) Uncoupler

E) None of the above

35) Which of the following statements is/are true of food poisoning (intoxication)?

A) It takes approximately 2-3 weeks after eating contaminated food to develop.

B) It can involve either vomiting or diarrhea.

C) It is carefully monitored by MTSU’s College of Basic and Applied Sciences

D) All of the above

E) A and C

5. Describe the role of biofilms in the establishment of infections. How do biofilms protect pathogens from the immune system or chemical or drug treatment?

7. Briefly describe the role that extracellular enzymes can play in the pathogenesis of microbes? Give an example.
8. Describe antigenic variation. Explain how pathogens like Trpanosoma and Plasmodium use antigenic variation to avoid the host immune system.
9. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that we receive an influenza vaccine each year. Why doesn’t the influenza vaccine provide long term protection?

1.

Which of the following events does not occur in PCR?    

Group of answer choices

A the DNA is denatured by high temperature

B the amount of DNA would double during each cycle, resulting in 8 times the original amount of DNA after 3 cycles

C Taq DNA polymerase and deoxyribonucleotides are used to elongate the primer strand of DNA

D the mixture is heated to allow primers to complementary base pair to the deoxyribonucleotides

2.

Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA?

Group of answer choices

A in RNA, the sugar is deoxyribose, in DNA it is ribose

B No answer text provided.

C in RNA the base U is used in place of T in DNA

D in RNA, the sugar is ribose, instead of DNA it is deoxyribose

3.

a- (two words) ____ _____is the enzyme used in DNA fingerprinting

b- _____ blotting technique in used in DNA fingerprinting

c- Upon electrophoresis, DNA will migrate towards the ________ pole.

4.

In the dideoxy DNA sequencing method, the enzyme used is RNA polymerase.

Group of answer choices

True

False

5.

Meiosis occurs in one division and results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical.

Group of answer choices

True

False

6.

In a female, the inactivated Y chromosome is an example of heterochromatin.

Group of answer choices

True

False

7.

On a human chromosome, the long arm is called the "p arm" and the short arm is the "q arm."

Group of answer choices

True

False