What type of bond would you expect to find associated with the primary structure of the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK)? In your own words, describe the reaction involved in the formation of this bond including the molecular components as needed.

The karyotype of an organism is described by 2n=80.

Assume a cell of this organism undergoes a complete normal cell cycle including mitosis.

A)   Determine the haploid number during G2 of the cell cycle. Describe in your own words how you determined this value. Please note: a value without a written explanation will not be graded.

B) How many chromatids would you expect to find during prophase of mitosis in this organism? Describe in your own words how you determined this value. Please note: a value without a written explanation will not be graded.

C)   Determine the ploidy and total chromosome number in each of the resulting two daughter cells during G1 of the cell cycle. Explain in your own words how you determined these values. Please note: values without a written explanation will not be graded.

What are the stages of the cell cycle? What is happening in each one?

Interphase + Mitosis + Cytokinesis = cell cycle • Interphase: subdivided into G1, S, and G2 phases. What happens during each?

Mitosis: Stages of each in order. Events of each stage. Identify the stage that a cell is in from an image of a cell (Figure 11.4) • What happens after telophase and cytokinesis? What part of the cell cycle does the cell continue into?

In your own words, describe three mechanisms of transcriptional regulation, that are involved in controlling the rate of expression of hydrolytic enzymes associated with lysosomes. For each mechanism described, include whether the rate of expression would be increased or decreased.

A diploid organism produces four gametes from one parent cell through the process of meiosis. Two gametes are found to have 4 chromosomes, one gamete is found to have 3 chromosomes and one gamete is found to have 5 chromosomes.

A) Is this the expected number of chromosomes that would be found in each gamete following a normal cycle of meiosis? If yes, explain why. If no, explain why not and describe how the gamete situation described above occurred.

B)   Determine the number of homologous chromosome pairs that the original parent cell contained, before meiosis began. Explain how you determined this value. Please note: a value without a written explanation will not be graded.

Please clearly label your responses as A) and B) or it will not be possible to grade.

In your own words, describe three mechanisms of transcriptional regulation, as discussed in this course, that are involved in controlling the rate of expression of hydrolytic enzymes associated with lysosomes. For each mechanism described, include whether the rate of expression would be increased or decreased.

82) When TGFbeta binds to which partner in its receptor complex first?

- RI

- RII

- RIII

- RIV

87) Binding of cytokine to its extracellular receptor engages which of the following signaling pathways?

- JAK/STAT

- Ras/MAP kinase

- PI-2 kinase

- TGFbeta

93) The internal compartment of an endosome is acidified by the presence of ______.

- acid hydrolases

- K+ pumps

- H+ ATPases

- vSNARES

95) When a RTK has dimerized & is active, how many ligands are bound?

- 1

- 2

- 3

- 0

You are examining two traits of a plant called Trait A and Trait B. Each trait is associated with a different gene on a different chromosome. Trait A shows: the same phenotype for both the heterozygous and homozygous dominant allele combinations a different phenotype for the homozygous recessive allele combination. Trait B shows: three different phenotypes, each associated with only one of the three possible allele combinations. A) Describe the type of inheritance associated with Trait A and describe the type of inheritance associated with Trait B. In your own words explain how you arrived at each of your answers. B) Your plant is displaying the Trait A phenotype associated with a homozygous dominant or heterozygous allele combination. In your own words, explain how you would determine which allele combination is present in your plant.

1. Using the equation for the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, calculate the following for p=0.7 and q=0.3 and enter in the ratios for the following values.
a. homozygous dominants

b. homozygous recessives|

c. heterozygotes

d. dominant phenotype

2.

Blank 1: Which kind of selection, directional, stabilizing, or disruptive, occurred when beads representing homozygous recessives were removed in the evolution lab?

Blank 2: What kind of selective agent or selective pressure could this activity have imitated?

Question 4 options:

Thank you for your time and help.

Discuss the structure and function of epithelial tissue including their membrane proteins and explain why this tissue is so important to the whole organism.

Fill in the blank- During eukaryotic transcription, the assembly of the general transcription factors begins with the binding of the factor________in a complex with the general transcription factor_________to DNA, causing a marked local distortion in the double helix. This factor binds at the DNA sequence called the________box, which is typically located 25 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site. Once RNA polymerase II has been brought to the promoter DNA, it must be released to begin making transcripts. This release process is facilitated by the addition of phosphate groups to the tail of RNA polymerase by the factor_______. General transcription factor and RNA polymerase are not sufficient to efficiently initiate transcription in the cell and are affected by proteins bound thousands of nucleotides away from the promoter. Proteins that link distantly bound transcription regulators to RNA polymerase and the general transcription factors include the large complex of proteins called the _________. The packaging of DNA into chromatin also affects transcriptional initiation, and histone________ is an enzyme that can render the DNA less accessible to the general transcription factors.

List and explain the methods used to identify medically important viruses.

Identify the effect(s) of specific population-genetic forces on genetic variation within and between populations over time. In each of the table cells, choose one of the options in the drop-down menu that appears.

In a large, randomly-mating population, the frequency of the allele (a) for sickle-cell hemoglobin is 0.028. The results of studies have shown that people with the following genotypes at the beta-chain locus produce the average numbers of offspring given. In the table below, indicate the relative fitness values for these three genotypes.

What form of selection is acting on the sickle-cell allele?                             [ Select ]                       ["directional selection against the a allele", "directional selection against the A allele", "overdominance", "underdominance"]      

Over time, we should expect genetic variation in this population to                            [ Select ]                       ["increase", "decrease", "stay the same"]         .

Explain why actin filaments add monomers at the plus end and lose monomers at the minus end AND what function this plays in locomotion.