What functional groups are associated with carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

What are the functions of carbohydrates?  Give examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

What are the characteristics of lipids?

How are saturated fats different from unsaturated fats?

Explain how super-antigens, such as toxic shock syndrome toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus, often lead to the development of life-threatening symptoms in an infected individual.

9) The site of the bacterial cell where ATP is produced is the:

a)   plasma membrane

b)   cell wall

c)   flagella

d)   nuclear region

e)   cytoplasm

44) Which of the following is regulated by an operator:

a) DNA sythesis

b) protein synthesis

c) RNA synthesis

d) b and c

e) all of the above

44) Which of the following is regulated by an operator:

a) DNA sythesis

b) protein synthesis

c) RNA synthesis

d) b and c

e) all of the above

56) Single amino acids are found on:

a) DNA

b) mRNA

c) tRNA

d) rRNA

e) Proteins

77) If a solution of 1x107 bacteria/milliliter were diluted one million times and then one tenth of a milliliter of that dilution was added to a Petri dish, how many bacterial colonies would you find after incubation for one or two days:

a) 1

b) 10

c) 100

d) 1,000

e) 10,000

78) If a solution of 1x105 bacteria/milliliter were diluted ten thousand times and then one tenth of a milliliter of that dilution was added to a Petri dish, how many bacterial colonies would you find after incubation for one or two days:

a) 1

b) 10

c) 100

d) 1,000

e) 10,000

A person takes a Ca-Mg-Zn pill daily. Zn can inhibit the absorption of Mg. An intake of >142mg of Zn will prevent Mg absorption. However, an intake of >500 mg of Ca can rescue Mg absorption that is blocked by Zn. One dose of the supplement contains 1.502 x 10²² atoms of Ca, 9.94 x 10²¹ atoms of Mg, and 1.379 x 10²⁰ atoms of Zn. With this information, answer the following:

A) How many doses of the pill is necessary to reach the Zn threshold which blocks Mg absorption?

B) The calcium in this pill is in the form of calcium carbonate, and only 15% of the calcium present in the dose will actually get absorbed. Taking this constraint into account, is the level of Ca sufficient enough to rescue the Mg absorption that is blocked by the Zn? Input the amount of Ca²⁺ absorbed.

C) There are 5 L of blood in the human body. Blood concentrations of Ca between 0.0035 and 0.0040 mol/L indicate critical hypercalcemia. At this dose (the dose it takes to block Mg absorption), will the calcium kill the person taking the pill? Answer here with the molarity of Ca²⁺ resulting from ingesting the number of doses calculated in question A.

Behavioral changes in animals are strongly correlated to:

Provide an explanation in support of or refuting the following statement: Humans would never develop natural immunity to a novel biological agent created in a laboratory

Can you describe two dimensional model proposals that have been put forth in order to replace the current system of diagnosing someone with a personality disorder?  

This would NOT be found in mitosis:

Select one:

Cells with the same chromosome number and identical DNA

Sister chromatids

Centromere

Cells with reduced chromosome number with different DNA

Diploid cell

Clear my choice

This best describes a cell with homologous chromosomes:

Select one:

A condition where chromosomes are found in an abnormal number in a cell

A condition where chromosomes are unpaired, results in a haploid cell

A condition where one parent provides two chromosomes to an offspring

The chromosome condition in haploid (n) cells

A condition where chromosomes are paired, results in a diploid cell

Chiasmata are found:

Select one:

in Meiosis II

after interphase in mitosis

during anaphase

just after telophase

in Meiosis I

Clear my choice

1.) You are asked to prepare a gram stain from a mixture of gram positive and gram negative bacteria during lab. What would happen if you remembered all steps.... except to decolorize – what color would the Gram (+) and Gram (-) be? except to add safranin – what color would the Gram (+) and Gram (-) be?

2.) The organism Yersinia pestis causes the plague, which caused a pandemic in Europe. What test reults would you expect to observe if samples from a plague patient were analyzed using the gram stain, the endospore stain, the capsule stain, and the acid-fast stain? Include the expected shape of the cell, the color Y. pestis cells should turn for each stain, and if the result is positive or negative.

(1). Rapidly growing cancers generally exhibit increased glycolysis for ATP generation (the Warburg effect). Do you think targeting glycolysis could be a good strategy for cancer therapy? If your answer is YES, which enzyme could be a good anti-cancer drug target? If your answer is NO, please explain why

(2). Please discuss the process of making beer, or wine, or bread. What ingredients in these items participate in the fermentation pathways? How are the end products of fermentation utilized?

(3). You eat a hamburger that has polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. Using your knowledge of the integration of biochemical pathways, explain how the amino acids in the proteins and glucose in the polysaccharides can end up as fats.

The below contains the actual data on COVID-19 cases in Ghana from 1st April, 2020 to 25th May, 2020 as presented by the Ghana Health Service. Use the information provided to answer the following questions:

1. Construct a graph to show the trends of the COVID-19 confirmed cases and fatalities in Ghana, and speculate on the factors that might have influenced these trend

Biological Psychology

is there evidence that to prove that our dream activity is further processing of relevant information. (example) when you have the same dream or similar dreams in the span of a month.

Landscape fragmentation is the process by which habitat is altered or converted to other habitat types; for example, patches of forest may be converted to agriculture. As a result, habitat patches (forest in our example) usually become smaller and spaced farther apart as fragmentation progresses. Fragmentation has many effects on local communities.
This could be due to several reasons, some of which we will discuss in class on Thursday. How would MacArthur and Wilson’s Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography (ETIB) predict habitat fragmentation should affect biodiversity within remaining habitat patches? According to the ETIB, why would this result occur?

8. In which ecosystem do the physical conditions change most rapidly and most widely

Kelp forest

Coral reef

Intertidal zone

Open ocean

3. What happens to anoxic dead zone in coastal waters? Oxygen-rich water is mixed down in the fall when the stratification breaks down cyanobacteria begin to photosynthesis and the historic process of developing an oxygen-rich atmosphere on earth is replaced