21- What is the type of body cavity where the organs are surrounded by tissue layers which suspend and protect the internal organs?

Group of answer choices

Coelom

Pseudocoelom

Acoelomate

22- These animals were the first to make it onto land ~460 million years ago.

Group of answer choices

Arthropods

Flatworms

Roundworms

Molluscs

23- This flexible rod like structure found in all chordate embryos is replaced by the vertebral column in most vertebrates.
Group of answer choices

notochord

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

pharyngeal clefts

post anal tail

24- This embryonic chordate structure develops into the brain and spinal cord in most Chordates.

Group of answer choices

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

notochord

pharyngeal clefts

post anal tail

25- The embryonic structure develops into gills in some chordates.

Group of answer choices

pharyngeal clefts

post anal tail

notochord

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

26- This unique chordate structure likely evolved for swimming and persists in many adult chordates but is a vestigial structure in our primate lineage.
Group of answer choices

post anal tail

pharyngeal clefts

notochord

dorsal, hollow nerve cord

27- In this filter feeding worm-like nonvertebrate chordate, the four unique embryonic structures persist into adulthood.

Group of answer choices

lancelet

tunicate

lamprey

hagfish

28- In this suspension feeding nonvertebrate chordate, the tail, notochord and the dorsal, hollow nerve cord all cease to exist in the adult animal.

Group of answer choices

tunicate

lancelet

lamprey

hagfish

29- What two unique features do all (and only)mammals share?
Group of answer choices

hair and mammary glands

teeth and four chambered heart

endothermic and closed circulatory system

vertebrae and thoracic breathing

30- These aquatic filter feeding animals lack true tissues and organ systems.
Group of answer choices

sponges

jellies

sea stars

polycheate worms

Some land plants live in water.

a) What are the problems associated with that environment?

b) How do plants cope?

what are three important properties of water and why does it have such characteristics

A experimental drug XYZ blocks transport of proteins from the ER to the Golgi (anterograde transport), but not Golgi-to-ER trafficking (retrograde transport). Propose 3 possible targets of this drug

You have isolated a protein, JAMP (Just A Membrane Protein), from the plasma membrane of a cell. Describe 3 ways to determine whether JAMP is a transmembrane or peripheral protein.

Some people can have atypical karyotypes, which are caused by an error during one of the processes of cell division. Which process would an error result in an individual having either an extra or a missing chromosome?

A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Both
D. Neither

14. Contemporary organisms on planet earth encode their design information using nucleic acids polymers that have four different monomers. These monomers are read three at a time to produce tool polymers – made up of a different kind of monomer. [This is a straightforward case of combinatorial coding of information.] This means that the number of different monomers in the tool polymer could, in principle, be 64. In practice, this number is actually 20 – because different nucleic acid monomer triplets (called “codons”) are read as NOT different. [Such codons that are not distinguished from one another are said to be “degenerate”.] If nucleic acids had three different monomers instead of four, triplet codons could encode 27 different tool monomer units, in principle. This would be plenty of coding capacity for the 20 different tool monomers that are actually used. In view of this, which of the following is the most likely explanation for the fact that contemporary organisms use four NOT three nucleic acid monomers?

1. It is an historical accident, of no mechanistic importance.
2. There were originally more than 27 tool monomers, but some have been lost in the evolution of contemporary organisms.
3. Double stranded nucleic acids (like the DNA double helix) wouldn’t be stable with only three different bases.
4. The requirement that nucleic acids replicate themselves means that they must have an even number of monomers (2, 4, 6, etc).

15. When an organism has two copies of each piece of design information, we refer to this state by which of the following terms? (Choose the most specific term.)

1. haploid
2. diploid
3. asexual
4. somatic

16. When an adult sexual organism (“parent” here) makes a gamete (egg or sperm) she/he places one copy of each chromosome into the gamete. This chromosome is chosen at random from the two copies this parent has – one received, in turn, from its father and one from its mother (the “grandparents” here). This process of choosing one of these two chromosomes is referred to specifically by which of the following technical terms?

1. crossing over
2. recombination
3. independent assortment
4. random mating

Now describe the flower with these terms: dicot/monocot, complete/incomplete, perfect/imperfect, regular symmetry/irregular symmetry, florescence?

Tell about what type of insect might be the pollinator for this flower. What type of characteristics would make it a good fit for that insect?

With a paragraph, explain to meiosis. Include the steps that happen and the purpose of meiosis in a plant.

1) a) How might plant adaptations affect the evolution of herbivores?

b) How might the adaptations of herbivores affect plant evolution?

The mammalian heart has no valves to control blood entering the atria but does have valves for blood exiting the ventricles. Explain why this adaptation makes sense for efficient circulation.

4) What is bioremediation? What makes some plants particularly useful in bioremediation?

Give an account of the sequence of events that pertain annually in coastal wetlands in Ghana indicating how they drive the life cycle of inhabiting organism

What is wrong with the traditional historical geology view that successive petrified fossil forests at Specimen Ridge, Yellowstone were created by volcanic eruptions which buried and petrified forest trees right where they stood over a 50 million year period?

Group of answer choices

Their petrified trees lacked bark and branches.

All the above.

Some petrified trees at different levels have tree rings that match.

The roots of their petrified trees were just stubs and the soil was gone.

Why can the inside of the endoplasmic reticulum functionally be the same as the outside of the cell

Explain the Proton-Motive force across the Inner mitochondrial membrane that both generates the H= gradient and aids In pulling H+ back Into the mitochondria matrix