Question

How is the body affected by Asthma? Explain in detail the cells, organs, organ systems affected by Asthma.

Answer 1

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways of lungs in which the mucous membrane and the muscle layers of the bronchi become thickened and the mucous gland enlarge, reducing airflow in the lower respiratory tract. During an astmatic attack spasmodic contraction of bronchial muscle (bronchospasm) constricts the airway and there is excessive secreation of thick mucous which further reduces the airway. Inspiration is normal but only partial expiration is achieved , so the lungs become hyperinflated and there is severe dyspnoea and wheezing. The duration of attacks usually varies from a few minutes to hours, and very occasionally,days(status asthmatics). In severe acute attacks the bronchi may be obstructed by mucus plugs,leading to acute respiratory failure,hypoxia and possible death.

Non specific factors that may precipitate asthma attacks include,

• cold air
• cigarette smoking
• air pollution
• upper respiratory tract infection
• emotional stress
• strenuous exercise etc

There are two types of asthma childhood asthma and adult onset asthma.