Can you please explain the molecular components involved in the pathway of SsrA-tagged protein degradation in Vivo? Including the adaptor protein SspB and delivery to ClpX and subsequent degradation by ClpP.

BIO REVIEW SHEET 4

1. Define “taxonomy”.
2. Define “binomial nomenclature” and know how to properly write an organism’s scientific name.
3. List the major taxonomic categories or the current hierarchical classification system, from the most to least inclusive.
4. Describe Linnaeus’ original two kingdom classification and name two shortcomings of this scheme.
5. List three Domains
6. State the guidelines/rules for properly building a dichotomous key and/or identify errors in an example a dichotomous key and/or build a dichotomous key using a given set of specimens

The list below describes (in no particular order) some early events of the pre-embryonic period.

1 – Cortical reaction

2 – Blastocoel forms

3 – Yolk sac and amnion start to form

4 – Dichorionic-Diamnionic twins

5 – Four celled pre-embryo

6 – Human chorionic gonadotropin present in urine

The 6 steps above are not in the correct order.

Give a brief background on GMOs. What are they? What role do they play in our food production?

What are the Benefits/Drawbacks?

Do you think genetic modification experimentation is “unnatural” or interferes with the “balance of nature”?

Some genetically modified (GM) traits can also be produced by conventional crop breeding. In such a case is the GM crop bad and the conventional one good?

Why do you think the use of GMOs is still such a divisive topic?

Explain the precise meaning of the statement “The heritability of height in humans is 0.85”. In your answer you should indicate what proportions of the total phenotypic variance in height observed in the population is due to genetic variance and what proportion is due to environmental variance. Explain why heritability only tells you something about the population, and can’t be applied to a single individual. For example, explain why it makes no sense to say that a heritability of 0.85 means that 85% of your height is due to your genes and 15% of your height is due to the environment you developed in.

what is body segmentation? in what structures is segmentation represented in the bodies of annelids, arthropods and vertebrates?

Briefly discuss two mechanisms of post-translation modification of protein synthesis.

How is co-expression induced?

Genetics:

Throughout this course we have had occasion to use the Chi Square test. What does the Chi Square test do and how do you conduct a Chi Square test? Illustrate your answer with a simple example. A Chi Square table will be provided for your use if it needed. Makes sure you discuss observed chi squares versus test statistics, p and degrees of freedom as they related to your simple example.

(1) Answer the three questions for each of the following transcription factors:

LacR

TrpR

CAP

GAL4

GR (glucocorticoid receptor)

(a) What is the small molecule that controls its’ activity?

(b) In the presence of this molecule, is the protein on the DNA or off the DNA?

(c) What is the consequence for transcription?

(2) Fill out the table with the words ON or OFF:

(3) Answer the three questions for each of the following enzymes:

Swi/Snf

HAT

HDAC

DNMT

(a) Describe the activity of each of the enzymes.

(b) What is the consequence of this enzyme activity?

(c) How does this enzyme know what genes to act on?

3) What is the relationship between gch1 copy number and downstream genes in the folate biosynthesis pathway that already confer drug resistance to the parasite?

Describe NAD+, NADH, NADP+, NADPH. And how NADH is used for catabolism mainly, while NADPH is used for biosynthesis.

What’s the “respiratory quotient” and why does it vary depending upon the kinds of food used to provide energy?

What other factors affect the respiratory quotient?

On average, why is the volume of air that we breathe in slightly larger than the volume of air that we breathe out? (please explain in relation to the respiratory quotients of fats, carbs, proteins, etc.)