20. How do you tell whether two genes are linked based on the phenotypic results of offspring from a dihybrid cross?

    1. If the genes are linked, certain combinations of phenotypes will not be observed as often among the offspring of a dihybrid cross

    2. If the two genes are on different chromosomes, all the offspring will look like the parents

    3. Linked genes will result in mutations being expressed only in male offspring

    4. Ifthegenesarenotlinked, you may calculate offspring ratios using Punnett squares

    5. If the genes are linked, only one version of each trait is inherited

In the electron-transport chain, electrons are handed off from low reduction potential carriers to increasingly higher reduction potential carriers. At some steps this exchange of electrons is sufficiently exergonic to drive proton pumping. Based on this, explain why FADH2 results in less ATP generation per mole compared with NADH.

 Specifically, how does one distinguish between everyday sadness and clinical depression?

Furthermore, what might be some of the risks of prescribing antidepressant medications to patients who are not actually suffering from a mental disorder? 

According to the Mayo Clinic, bipolar disorder "causes mood swings that range from the lows of depression to the highs of mania." There are two main types of bipolar disorders; Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorder (there is also a Cyclothymic disorder).

Write a short (1-2 pages) essay regarding the main differences between Bipolar I disorder and Bipolar II disorder. In your essay be sure to include the following information:

Description of each disorder.The main differences between each of the two types.Explain how the presence, or absence, of manic and/or mixed episodes plays in distinguishing between these two conditions?

Use proper spelling, grammar and sentence structure. A suggestion is given about the number of paragraphs needed but you may write more. You may use quotes but don’t overuse them as putting the author’s ideas in your own words is key to the learning process and will help you remember. If you do use a quote put the page number in brackets right after the quote.

Reading Questions: In Defense of Food, pp. 101-136

Transformation in our Food System:

1. From Complexity to Simplicity

(a) Explain why Pollan says the simplification of the soil through artificial fertilizers is not a good thing.

(b) Explain why the simplification of the species we are cultivating is not a good thing.

2. From Quality to Quantity

(a) Give two examples of how the nutritional quality of our food has deteriorated.

(b) Explain the term nutritional inflation and what it means for health.

3. From Seeds to Leaves

(a) Why has our diet shifted from leaves to seeds?

(b) What is missing in seeds that is found in leaves, and what are the health consequences of this deficit?

(Please answer all parts)

A reaction has a very negative change in free energy. Will the reaction proceed as written? Why/why not? If so what would stop the reaction from proceeding / if not what would cause it to proceed?

Choose examples from your own body (except, do not choose skeletal muscle) and explain how they relate to the definitions of anatomy, physiology, and histology.

Which of the following molecules, when taken up by the cell, binds to the repressor allowing it to bind to the operator?

-Inducer

-Corepressor

-Repressor

-Promoter

Write short notes the following

1. Central dogma

2. Origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts

Review the claims of the Atkins diet from the Atkins website. Applying what was presented in chapter 2 part III, consider what the weaknesses of such a diet might be? Consider also what are the benefits of such a diet? After developing an informed opinion, choose a position as either an Atkins Advocate (in favor of it) or an Atkins opponent (against it). Identify your position and write a convincing argument for or against the diet based on what you’ve learned. After posting, read your classmates’ posts. Respond meaningfully to at least two peers’ posts. Focus particularly on any responses that disagree with your position and engage your classmates in debate.

1)Explain the humoral immune responses against the upper respiratory tract viruses with mechanisms and functions?

2)Discuss the Humoral immune responses in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and potential vaccines?

But I need answers to be long please:)