1. how biotechnology benefits society both medically and in other ways

2. how eukaryotic genes can be expressed in bacteria and be able to describe the process involved

explain why the various plants appear the way they do in each of the following demonstrations: phototropism: gravitropism: etiolation: holly leaf abscission: leaf movement in the sensitive plant ( mimosa pudica):

A student was given 6 plates taken from the incubator from a serial dilution done two days earlier and told to get a standard plate count.  The student, not sure what to do, attempted to count the colonies on all the plates, then add the counts from all plates and get an average.  Was this the correct procedure? Yes or No? Explain!

1. Using the sequence below give an example of an insertion, deletion, SNP, inversion, and translocation.

3’-ATTCGGCCAGTTAGCCGATG-5’

Answer questions 5-9 below using the information in this experimental description. Dr. Meyer wants to study the effect of Kava root on insomnia. She recruits 150 people who experience long term insomnia (more than 4 months experiencing insomnia) and divides them into two groups. One group of 75 individuals takes 125 mg of kavalactones one hour before bedtime. The other group of 75 individuals takes a placebo every day. For the duration of the study, the two groups follow two common guidelines: no added sugars or caffeine intake after 12pm and no screen time an hour before bedtime. Dr. Meyer follows the individuals during four weeks. She collects data on sleep patterns which include the number of hours slept each night and a scale of difficulty to fall asleep scored 1 to 5 (1 = feel asleep right away; 5 = more than one hour awake in bed).

5. 1pt. What is the independent variable?

6. 1pt. What is the dependent variable?

7. 1pt. What is the experimental group?

8. 1pt. Which is/are Dr. Meyer’s controlled variable(s)?

9. 1pt. Write a possible hypothesis for this experiment.

10. 1.5pts. Is the following statement a prediction or a theory? How do you know?

“If Vitamin C supplementation shortens the length of the common cold, then adults taking 1g of Vitamin C a day will recover from the common cold faster than adults who aren’t taking Vitamin C supplementation.”

Subject: Nutrition-NS
Question: Salmonella causes food poisoning and write full details about the bacteria?

The genetic code is (almost) universal, meaning that ribosomes from bacteria, fish, mice or humans will translate a particular open reading frame into identical proteins. However, it is not possible to place a message from bacteria into a human cell (or vice versa) and expect to see a protein produced. Why?

Describe the key properties of a signal sequence (or leader sequence or leader peptide). Explain the roles of these properties in guiding proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. .

Describe stages in biofilm formation and explain how, at the molecular level, bacterial cells within the biofilm communicate with each other. .

How is light energy trapped by plants and used by the chloroplast membrane to generate ATP and NADPH?

Why do photosynthetic pigments only trap certain light wavelengths?

2. what are the difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin and how this influences gene expression?

3. how chromatin modifications can influence gene expression?

4. why start and stop codons are important?

5. how differential gene expression can lead to phenotypic differences in cells

People continue to take up smoking even though it has been known for over 40 year that smoking causes cancer and there is a warning on every pack of cigarettes. "Should lawsuits be thrown out against cigarette companies if the person took up smoking AFTER the warning was put on cigarette packs? Does free choice mean that society should not have to pay if that choice is known to cause cancer?

IMMUNOLOGY QUESTION.

Give the mechanism of action and the result for each of the following therapeutic agents used to treat type I hypersensitivity reactions.

a) Antihistamines

b) cromolyn sodium

c) theophylline

d) epinephrine

e) cortisone

I asked this question before and it did not get fully answered. Please do not answer if you cannot answer the whole question. It is only one question.

Bacteria can perform aerobic and anaerobic respiration depending on their enzymes and metabolic needs. A student argued that aerobic and anaerobic respiration should produce the same amount of ATP. He reasoned that they both use basically the same process; only the terminal electron acceptor is different. What is the primary error in this student’s argument? Think about the different organisms in the body and in nature. Discuss how some produce their energy by anaerobic and aerobic metabolism. Discuss what would be available to them in this environment and what would they use as a primary electron acceptor. Would they all produce the same amount of ATP (energy) ? Within your discussion, mention a specific bacteria that uses aerobic, or anaerobic, aerotolerant, facultative anaerobic metabolism etc. Include a link to your source not previously posted.