Amanda Richards is a 20-year-old junior in college. She is majoring in biology and hopes someday to be a pediatrician. Beginning about a month ago, Amanda noticed that she was waking up once, sometimes twice a night, by the need to go to the bathroom. More recently, she has noticed that she needs to go to the bathroom during her school day much more frequently than before, sometimes as often as once every hour. At first Amanda thought that her increased frequency of urination was due to the coffee she drank, but when she reduced her coffee consumption to one cup in the morning, she still needed to go to the bathroom just as often. In addition, Amanda was buying bottled water by the case, and she found herself never without a beverage in her hand or nearby. She also noticed that her urine seemed pale and colorless. When Amanda told her mother of her problem, her mother became very concerned and arranged for Amanda to see the family physician. Her physician found no abnormalities on physical examination. However, a blood chemistry profile revealed Amanda’s plasma sodium level to be 149 mEq/L, plasma osmolarity was 308 mOsm/L, and her fasting plasma glucose was 85 mg/dl. An analysis of Amanda’s urine showed a urine osmolarity of 200 mOsm/L. The urine sample was negative for the presence of glucose. An extensive history revealed that no other member of the family had ever displayed Amanda’s symptoms. Amanda had no history of traumatic head injury and an MRI of her brain was normal. Next, a two-hour water deprivation test was performed on Amanda. After two hours of not being able to drink water, the osmolarity of her plasma and urine were measured a second time. This time her urine osmolarity was unchanged; however, the osmolarity of her plasma increased to 315 from 308 mOsm/L. She was then injected with a drug called DDAVP, a synthetic analogue of vasopressin. One hour after the injection, the osmolarity of her plasma decreased to 290 mOsm/L and the osmolarity of her urine increased to 425 mOsm/L. Based upon the results above, Amanda’s medical history, and the results of the MRI, a diagnosis of idiopathic pituitary diabetes insipidus (a form of central diabetes insipidus) was made.

Why was a form of central or pituitary diabetes insipidus diagnosed in Amanda’s case? (Assume she is not pregnant). Make sure to explain why the other types were ruled out.

Predict where the proteins with the following features end up in a cell. Explain your answer:

a) N-terminal ER targeting sequence, a cleavable signal sequence and a stop transfer sequence.

b) N-terminal ER targeting sequence, and a cleavable signal sequence.

Respond to at least two classmates with substantial posts. i just need you to respond

A diet that is high I protein can be beneficial for many reasons. One benefit of a high protein diet is that it promotes weight loss.To loose weight, one must burn more calories than what they take in. Since protein is a macronutrient, it promotes weight loss. While this seems like a good way to loose weight, it can be problematic for people with kidney disease. This is because the by-products that are produces from the breakdown of the protein are eliminated through the kidneys. This puts a lot of strain on the renal system. If a person already has an impaired renal system and partakes in a diet that makes them work even harder, it can send people into renal failure. Another problem is that an increase in waste that needs to be excreted means an increase of urine that is going to be output which leads to increased water loss. This can lead to dehydration. A high protein diet also increases the excretion of calcium. This also causes problems with the kidneys. The more calcium that is excreted through the kidneys means there is a higher chance for the calcium to build up and from stones in the kidneys and urinary tract. I feel that this diet may be easy to maintain in the beginning but a common trend that I see with the population is once they loose the weight they wanted to, they go back to their old diets or have a few too many "cheat days" and gain the weight back. I also think that it would be hard to maintain because there are a lot of food groups people miss out on by having a high protein diet.

What is the correct equation to calculate the length of male gentitalia?

Explain why speciation analysis is particularly important for Cr, As, and Se? What are the major valance (oxidation number) for each of these three elements? Describe their impact with regard to plant, and animal/human.

you performa throat culture on blood agar. After incubation, you notice several B-hemolytic colonies. what would be the best way to determine whether the organism was Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, both which B-hemolytic?

a)look for motility

b)check for sensitivity to novobiocin

c)streak a MacConkey plate

d)streak a mannitol salts agar plate

1.what kind of medium is Mannitol Salts Agar (MSA)

a) neither selective nor differential

b)differential

c)selective

d)both selective and differential

2.which of the following is the best method to distinguish Bacillus megaterium from Bacillus Subtilis?

a)use mannitol phenol red

b)streak a MacConkey plate

c)perform an endospore stain

d) perform a gram stain

What is the difference between “vertical inheritance” and “horizontal inheritance”? Does horizontal inheritance of genes provide evidence against Darwin’s theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? Why or why not?

1) Draw the whole cellular respiration cycle: Glycolysis, Bridge Step, and Krebs cycle (don't have to draw the molecules, just the names and all of the intermediates).

    Homework 5: Sigmund Freud

    Freud’s general theory of personality is called ___________________ theory. While working with patients experiencing conversion disorders, Freud became convinced that all such cases were caused by unexpressed sexual motives.

    Freud viewed the mind as being composed of the three parts. The ___________________ functions entirely at the unconscious level and operates according to the ___________________ principle, which attempts to satisfy its needs by using wish-fulfilling mental images. A second part of the mind is called the ___________________, which can be thought of as the executive of personality and helps us to deal with the world through the reality principle. The only part of the mind containing a sense of morality is the ___________________, which is created mainly by parents. Parental punishment creates the moral inhibitions called conscience, whereas parental rewards establish a standard of conduct called the ego ideal.

    Freud believed that our personalities are formed as we pass through a series of developmental stages from infancy to adulthood. Stressful events experienced during a stage can leave the personality ___________________ at that stage. According to Freud, the developmental stages result from a shifting energy from one ___________________ zone to another. Since these stages represent the release of sexual energy, they are called ___________________ stages. The first stage, lasting from birth to one year of age, is called the ___________________ stage. If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage, he or she may engage in overeating and drinking.

    The second stage of development, from one to three years, is called the ___________________ stage. Fixations at this stage may lead to a personality that is either stingy and compulsive, called ___________________ ___________________, or cruel and disorderly, called ___________________ ___________________.

    From ages three to six, children are in the ___________________ stage, in which the genitals become the primary source of pleasure. During this stage, boys develop a sexual attraction to their mothers, referred to as the ___________________ ___________________. Boys also develop a fear of their fathers, called ___________________ ___________________. Girls develop desires for their fathers called the ___________________ ___________________. According to Freud, failure to resolve the phallic stage results in a phallic personality, characterized by egocentric selfishness, impulsiveness, and a lack of genuine feeling for others.

    From ages 6 to 11, children enter the ___________________ stage, during which sexual interest is relatively inactive. From age 11 through adulthood, the individual is in the ___________________ stage, in which sexual and romantic interests are directed towards one’s peers. Most modern revisions of psychoanalysis agree that Freud overemphasized ___________________  motivation, underemphasized positive aspects of personality and the importance of relationships, and was prejudiced against women.

Word Bank

Id

Phallic

Oedipus Complex

Erogenous

Anal Retentive

Psychoanalytic

Anal Expulsive

Sexual

Psychosexual

Genital

Latency

Oral

Electra Complex

Superego

Unconscious

Ego

Fixated

Defense mechanisms

Castration anxiety

Penis envy

Sublimination

Anal

Pleasure

Repression

Give one (1) example of a Tumour-Suppressor. Explain what its function is, what pathway(s)

It is involved in, and how it contributes to cellular transformation and oncogenesis.

&

Give one (1) example of a Tumour-Suppressor. Explain what its function is, what pathway(s)

It is involved in, and how it contributes to cellular transformation and oncogenesis.

can u tell me please in briefly

Describe how influenza A and HIV differ in genome composition and what this difference means for their replication and generation of new virions.

can u tell me please in briefly