1) If Lucy had all of the pacemaker cells in her AV node die off, what would happen?

A. Her heart would still beat at a normal rate as if nothing happened.
B. Her heart would stop beating and she would die.
C. Her heart rate would be controlled by the pacemaker cells of the Bundle of His . Her heart rate would start depolarizing from the apex.
D. Her heart would still beat, but the ventricles would contract right before the atria, instead of the opposite.

2) Which of the following is a true statement about capillaries?

A. At the efferent end, osmotic pressure is usually less than hydrostatic pressure.
B. They are leaky to everything but plasma and red blood cells.
C. Most of the water that leaves the capillary via ultrafiltration is brought back into the capillary via reabsorption.
D. All of the above are true.
E. None of the above is true.

3) Which of the following is a true statement?

A. The endocardium is the muscle layer of the heart.
B. The epicardium is a thick fibrous layer that is filled with fluid.
C. Without any autonomic N.S. influence, a heart would contract at ~70-80 beats per minute.
D. All of the above are true.
E. None of the above is true.

4) If Brown was injected with a drug that blocked all autonomic signalling to the heart, what would happen to him?

A. His heart would stop beating and he would die.
B. His heart would still beat, but much slower than a normal person's.
C. His heart would beat at about 50-60 beats per minute
D. He would be unaffected because the autonomic nervous system doesn't go to the heart.
E. His heart rate would remain a constant 70-80 beats per minute regardless if he was resting or exercising.

5) Brown is injected with a drug that blocks all of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, but only on his myocardial cells. What will happen to Brown?

A. His heart rate will increase dramatically.
B. His heart will contract with more force.
C. The pacemaker cells will no longer be able to fire action potentials.
D. His heart would stop contracting at all.
E. He would be unaffected, because there are no voltage-gated channels on myocaridal cells.

The timing of germination is very important for the survival of a plant species.

If you were trying to discover what the specific mutation in the DNA was that lead to a non-functional GA/aleurone system, which tissues would you use for DNA sequencing analysis? Why?

Please the word surgery breakdown: 1. Provide the full term definition. 2. Identify and label the (p)prefix, (s)suffix, and (wr)word root for each term (if applicable). 3. Define each word part by providing the most basic Latin or Greek meaning provided in the dictionary.

sublingual, carcinogenic, cystocele, antenatal incision

One of the genes that is commonly mutated in skin cancer is the gene that codes for the p53 protein. If both copies of the gene are mutated by UV light and the p53 protein is no longer functioning in a skin cell, the cell is not necessarily cancerous despite these mutations.   However, descendants of that cell are likely to develop into cancer.

Explain why having defective p53 proteins might lead to cells with many mutations present – a cancer-prone cell.

The timing of germination is very important for the survival of a plant species.

Under which circumstances would it be advantageous to have a non-functional GA/aleurone system?

Describe linker scanning mutagenesis by 1) stating the purpose of the method; 2) the independent variables; 3) the dependent variable; and 4) what a linker is and why it must be used.

7. Suppose that you have just graduated from college and have started working at a biotechnology firm. Your first job assignment is to clone the pig gene for the hormone prolactin. Assume that the pig gene for prolactin has not yet been isolated, sequenced, or mapped; however, the mouse gene for prolactin has been cloned, and the amino acid sequence of mouse prolactin is known. Briefly explain two different strategies that you might use to find and clone the pig gene for prolactin.

8. Describe how the genome of an organism of your choice has been successfully engineered to improve a trait of economic importance in the organism.

If 657 deer live in a 600 hectare forest, what would the population density be?

Is this the crude density or the ecological density? How do you know?

This is all I have

What is the free energy change in transporting an uncharged molecule across the membrane of a cell from 10^-5 M to 10^-2M? Is an input of free energy required for this transport?

Do transposons code for proteins?

explanation: Do all transposons code for proteins like our DNA does? Does it come from outside sources only? I know there are retrotransposons and like LINEs and SINEs and I assume they are from outside sources? or is transposon an umbrella term...?

*: I know only supposed to ask one question, I really am, I just need a better explanation of what a transposon/retrotransoson is in second year biology terms. Thank you for helping me understand better.

Discuss signaling molecules that regulate vascular development in the root

Mitochondrial DNA is highly conserved across organisms and is used to map phylogeny of organisms – why would this be important for organisms to have such high fidelity here? What kinds of mechanisms might there be in place to maintain this?

Haplorhine species : Bonnet Macaque       Strepsirrhine species: Berthe's Mouse Lemur

Traits: check the box for each trait that is true of your strepsirrhine species (left) and your haplorrhine species (right).

                                                  STREPSIRRHINE                  HAPLORRHINE

TRAITS

prehensile tail                                                                                                                       

rhinarium                                                                                                                                              

2.1.3.3/2.1.3.3. dental pattern                                                                  

tapetum lucidum                                                                                                          

catarrhine nose                                                                                                

dental comb                                                                                              

ischial callosities                                                                                             

female philopatry                                                                                             

nocturnal activity pattern                                                                               

sexually dimorphic or                                                                             

sexually dichromatic                                   

vertical clinging and leaping                                                                          

post-orbital plate                                                                                             

grooming (“toilet”) claw                                                                         

fused mandible                                                                                        

heterodontic dentition                                                                             

bilophodont molars                                                                                            

What are the two methods of determining population density?

A)List several advantages of having a body cavity as opposed to having the acoelomate condition found in the Platyhelminthes.  

B)How do rotifers react to light?