Which of the following does not bind to Fc receptors? a. whole Ig b. fc c. heavy chain d. light chain

The enzyme HIV-1 reverse transcriptae (HIV-RT) plays a significant role for the HIV virus and is an important drug target. Assume a concentration [E] of 2.00 µM (i.e. 2.00 x 10-6 mol/l) for HIV-RT. Two potential drug molecules, D1 and D2, were identified, which form stable complexes with the HIV-RT.

The dissociation constant of the complex ED1 formed by HIV-RT and the drug D1 is 1.00 nM (i.e. 1.00 x 10-9 mol/l). The dissociation constant of the complex ED2 formed by HIV-RT and the drug D2 is 100 nM (i.e. 1.00 x 10-7 mol/l).

Compute the total concentration of [D1]tot that is needed to bind 90% of the HIV-RT at the given concentration [E]tot.You do NOT have to consider competition betwwen the drugs D1 and D2! They are administered separately.

Compute the total concentration of [D2]tot that is needed to bind 90% of the HIV-RT at the given concentration [E]tot. You do NOT have to consider competition between the drugs D1 and D2! They are administered separately.

What is the order for monoclonal antibody production?

Growth of hybridoma cells
Plasma cells isolated from mouse spleen
Growth of plasma cells
Immunisation of mouse spleen
Growth of myeloma cells
Fusion of plasma cells and myeloma cells

The restriction endonuclease BamH1 has the recognition sequence G/GATCC and Sau3A the recognition sequence /GATC. Genomic DNA (G/C content = 56%) is digested with Sau3A and ligated into a vector digested with BamH1. What percentage of fragments could potentially be ligated into the vector and what is the average fragment length of the insert DNA?

Precursors of neural cells (neural tube) are able to separate from the precursors of epidermal cells because: a. All of the above b. Differential adhesion occurs c. E-cadherin expression is decreased in neural precursors d. N-cadherin expression is increased in neural precursors.

Cadherin adhesion proteins are described by the following, except?

How are autopolyploids different from allopolyploids? Describe one way autopolyploids can be formed and one way allopolyploids can be formed.

For each question, please explain how you got the answer.

1. The major function of RNA polymerase's sigma factor is
A) recognition of the translational stop sequence
B) recognition of the transcriptional start sequence
C) recognition of the transcriptional stop sequence
D) recognition of the translational start sequence
E) None of these are correct

2. WHere is the amino acid attached to a tRNA molecule?

A) 3′-hydroxyl of an adenine containing residue of 3’ end of tRNA
B) 5′-hydroxyl of a uridine containing residue of 3’ end of tRNA
C) 5′-hydroxyl of a guanine containing residue of 3’ end of tRNA
D) 3′-hydroxyl of a cytosine containing residue of 3’ end of tRNA
E) 2′-hydroxyl of a guanine containing residue of 3’ end of tRNA

3. Functions of RNA polymerase in E. Coli include
A) searching for promoter sites.
B) unwinding short stretches of DNA.
C) detecting termination signals.
D) searching for promoter sites and detecting termination signals.
E) All the answers are correct.

4. Actinomycin D inhibits transcription by:
A) binding to the DNA template by intercalation
B) binding to the RNA polymerase
C) binding to rho protein
D) Binding to the sigma subunit
E) none of the above

Consider this question: What are the ethical and legal responsibilities of the nurse who believes a home care patient needs to be cared for in a hospital or that a home care patient needs to continue to receive care and not be discharged from the service?

Mr. Smith is 60 years old. He was diagnosed with a prostate cancer five years ago. Over the past few days, Mr. Smith has been feeling weak and increasingly tired and has also been suffering from a headache that did not respond to over-the-counter medications. He scheduled an appointment with his physician.

His physician performed a physical examination and recommended a battery of laboratory tests and imaging procedures.

The table below shows Reference values in the right-hand column. These values reflect the normal range of values for patients without disease or illness. The center column reflects the resulting values for medical test results obtained for Mr. Smith.

Take note whether Mr. Smith’s values are within normal limits.

After receiving Mr. Smith’s test results, his physician admits him to the hospital. Hospital staff treated him and discharged him.

The following week, Mr. Smith returns to his physician with the same complaint of weakness and a new complaint of shortness of breath. His blood pressure is 160/100 mmHg. MRI reveals metastasis of prostate cancer to osseous tissue. Abdominal CT shows obstruction of intestine due to nodular enlargement of adrenal glands.

Laboratory results from Mr. Smith’s second hospital admission and medical tests show following findings:

CONCLUSION AND DIAGNOSIS

Laboratory findings, MRI and CT confirmed metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma, hypertension and refractory hypokalemia due to ectopic ACTH production. High levels of circulating cortisol caused continuous activation of mineralocorticoid receptors resulting in hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and hypertension.

After reading provided scenario, answer the following questions:

1.   What are the components of physical examination? Describe each component. (See Module 1, Commentary, Topic 8. Disease Categories, Part B. Steps in Diagnosis)

2.   Mr. Smith’s blood pressure was 160/100 mmHg. How does a medical provider take or measure blood pressure? What do the top (numerator) and bottom (denominator) numbers mean in the biological sense? What is the significance the size of these two numbers? Is Mr. Smith’s blood pressure within normal range? Explain how you concluded whether Mr. Smith’s blood pressure is/is not within normal range.

3.   Based on the data provided, what laboratory tests were performed and what samples were taken from the patient? Select one of the laboratory tests ordered for Mr. Smith and discuss why Mr. Smith’s physician might have ordered the test and the information she might have expected to obtain from that particular test.

4.   Compare Mr. Smith’s values with reference values and indicate whether MR. Smith’s values are below, above, or within normal range (compare Mr. Smith’s values with the Reference values) for each laboratory tests in the table above from the second set of tests.

5.   What imaging procedures did Mr. Smith undergo? Discuss the distinctions and similarities between the two different imaging approaches. What were the results of imaging procedures in Mr. Smith’s case?

6. Select one of the medical terms from the CONCLUSION and DIAGNOSIS section above and define what it means. Also, discuss, in your own words and based on what you can gather about Mr. Smith’s condition, how the laboratory or imaging tests helped with drawing a conclusion or making the diagnosis. In your own words, discuss how medical providers use the scientific method to come to work through the examination and diagnosis of a patient.

In the early stages of CoVID 19 many public figures compared coronavirus to the influenza virus. The basis for this claim was because they both cause respiratory illness and because the flu shows seasonality they thought so would coronavirus. However the viruses that cause flu and CoVID 19 are very different from each other.

Discussion Post (3 points) : Identify and explain a feature that is different between these viruses.