Choose all of the following attributes that are necessary for any bacterial pathogen to attach to and colonize a host cell.

A. Compete for nutrients

B. Capsule production

C. Utilize spikes to attach to host cells

D. Ability to survive new host environment

E. Presence of fimbriae

What qualities make protons appealing for use in clinical radiation therapy? In what tumors/tumor sites do you think protons would be most useful?

20) A diseased cell has an intracellular calcium concentration of 1 mM. The extracellular solution has a normal amount of calcium. The mitochondria has its normal level of internal calcium. If many calcium channels were opened in a mitochondria were opened up, what would the voltage of the interior of the mitochondria likely be compared to the cytoplasm of the cell?

a) -90mV

b) -60mV

c) -30mV

d) 0mV

e) +30mV

22) A nerve cell with normal levels of intracellular calcium is treated with intracellular IP3, which opens calcium channels in the endoplasmic reticulum. What would the transmembrane voltage across the plasma membrane of the cell (that is, the voltage of the cytoplasm relative to the extracellular solution bathing the cell) if this occurs and calcium has no other effects on the cell?

a) -90 mV

b) -60 mV

c) -30 mV

d) 0mV

e) +30mV

30) A molecular biologist replaces all normal leak channels with a type of leak channel that is permeable to calcium. What would the resting voltage of this cell likely be?

a) -90mV

b) -60 mV

c) 0 mV

d) +60 mV

e) +90 mv

40) A molecular biologist eliminates all normal leak channels and blocks all other voltage-gated conductances in a cell. She then puts in two new channels, which are both normally open and not affected by voltage. One is permeable only to potassium and the other is open only to sodium. If there is 10 mM Na inside and 100 mM Na outside and 10 mM K outside and 100 mM K inside, what will the resting membrane voltage of the cell be?

a) 0mV

b) -60mV

c) +60mV

d) -120 mV

e) +120 mV

Describe photorespiration and its relationship to the C4 pathway.

Mrs Smith is receiving full strength Jevity 1.2 at 65 mL/hr s 24 hours in the hospital. She is going to go home on nocturnal feedings. Set up a feeding regimen that provides similar kcals, protein, and water over 14 hours as her hospital regimen. Provide free water equal to 1 ml per kcal of feeding.

*Is Mrs Smith meeting the RDI for vitamins & minerals??

Calculate the amount of calcium dissolved if the pH becomes 7.50. Is it better to have a high or low pH, if one is interested in not dissolving their teeth?

Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis

What triggers your body to take a breath? Explain what part of the brain stimulates breathing and what aspects of body chemistry are important in controlling the rate and depth of your breathing.

Describe the three main cellular components of the blood and explain what might cause abnormal numbers of each of these components.

Describe plant adaptions that reduce water loss and those which permit CO2 to enter the cell. Describe the importance of water and CO2 to the plant.

Use of methanol has been proposed to rid a wastewater of nitrate by biological denitrification to N2.

(a) Write a balanced overall equation for nitrate removal with methanol, using fs=0.36 and assuming nitrate serves as the nutrient source for bacteria.

(b) If the nitrate concentration in the wastewater equals 100mg/l, what concentration of methanol must be added for complete nitrate removal?

(c) What percentage of the nitrate-nitrogen is used for cell synthesis?

please let me know the process

As startling as the information about land use and total water needs is for biofuels, is it unreasonable? For Example, how do these numbers compare with land and water currently used in agriculture? We clearly need an alternative to fossil fuels, and biofuels have recieved a good bit of attention.

Consider biofuels. Surf the web and indentify potential sources of biofuels. Indentify the biofuel source, briefly describe by the biofuel source is promising, briefly discuss how it will be used as a biofuel. Discuss advantages, and disadvantages. Discuss processes and/or other information you have found. Provide complete references for all your sources of information in MLA format.

Biofuel Source : Sugarcane (This is what my project is based on. Sugarcane biofuel.)

Any 7 questions please Answer!!!!

13. Why must media, vessels and instruments be sterilized before they are used for microbiological procedures?

14. What is the difference between complex media and defined media? Give one example of each.

15. Why is it necessary to use strong disinfectants in areas exposed to tuberculosis patients?

16. Describe five physical methods of microbial growth.

17. Contrast the structures and actions of soaps and quats.

18 How do halogens control microbial growth? Compare and contrast the use of iodine and chlorine.

19. Why is autoclaving true sterilization and boiling is effective for sanitizing restaurant tableware?

20. Compare and contrast incineration and hot air as examples of dry heat used to control microbial growth.

21. How does mitosis differ from binary fission?

22. Why are they more antibacterial drugs than antifungal drugs?

23. How are the cysts of protozoan similar to endospores and how do they differ?

24. Alveolates are divided into three subgroups, list the groups and describe one example for each subgroup.

25. What is a schizont? What pathogen reproduce asexually via schizogony?

Mrs Jones is receiving full strength Osmolite 1.5 360 mL of formula at 0800, 1200, 1600, 2000.  She receives 30 mL of water flush before each feeding and 50 mL flush after each feeding.  Calculate how much calories, protein and free water she is receiving daily

*Is Mrs Jones meeting the RDI for vitamins & minerals??