Questions
Discuss the potential fates of transmembrane proteins and explain where you would expect to find a...

Discuss the potential fates of transmembrane proteins and explain where you would expect to find a particular domain of a plasma membrane transmembrane protein based on where this domain was found when the protein was still present at the ER membrane
Recall that some (but not most) proteins are brought to the ER lumen via posttranslational translocation. Discuss how this mechanism differs from cotranslational translocation.

In: Biology

Predict which organelles would be likely to have received their proteins via posttranslational import Remember to...

Predict which organelles would be likely to have received their proteins via posttranslational import
Remember to consider that posttranslational import is an alternative mechanism for import into the ER lumen.
List the types of proteins that are synthesized by ribosomes bound to the ER membrane discussing where you would expect to find these proteins.
Describe the process of cotranslational import into the ER lumen, identifying the main components involved in this process and discussing the role of the ER signal sequence

In: Biology

16. For each of the following, what would happen if the listed junction didn’t exist? (tow...

16. For each of the following, what would happen if the listed junction didn’t exist? (tow sentence each)

1. Adherens

2. Desmosomes

3. Hemidesmosomes

4. Tight

5. Gap

In: Biology

Discuss the functions of molecular chaperones and compare Hsp70 family chaperones with chaperonins (i.e. Hsp60-family chaperones)...

Discuss the functions of molecular chaperones and compare Hsp70 family chaperones with chaperonins (i.e. Hsp60-family chaperones)
Describe the various types of posttranslational modifications (note: protein splicing will not be covered)
Compare cotranslational and posttranslational import, discussing where translation occurs in each case

In: Biology

Which of the following is not a difference between ionotropic and metatropic receptors? A. Number of...

Which of the following is not a difference between ionotropic and metatropic receptors?

A. Number of subunits

B. Presence of channels

C. Response Speed

D. Influx of ions

E. Neurotransmitter binding site

In an experiment, a student adds a G-protein antagonist that prevents the release of GDP from the alpha subunit, to a cell. What would be the expected effect?

A. increased availability of free GDP

B. Dissociation of the alpha subunit from the beta-gamma subunit

C. decreased flow of ions through the channel

D. Initiation of signaling cascade

E. No response to transmitter binding

In: Biology

what is the bacteria of that is gram negative, acid fast negative, and endospore forming? there...

what is the bacteria of that is gram negative, acid fast negative, and endospore forming? there is growth on blood and macconkey not MSA.
options:
1, salmonella pulloram
2, enterobacter aerogenes
3, strep. mutans
4, micrococcus luteus
5, mycobacterium smegmatis
6, bacillus subtilis
7, staph. aureus


its actually non-endosporing

In: Biology

Duplication of a genome once per cell cycle is, in essence, a biosynthetic process and, hence,...

Duplication of a genome once per cell cycle is, in essence, a biosynthetic process and, hence, demands the input of energy. Moreover, successful semi-conservative replication of the genomic DNA requires the action of many different components. Based on your understanding of the information and general principles covered in lecture, fill in the spaces provided with your responses to the questions asked about the ten proteins below.

Protein

Nucleotide required? (Yes or No)

If Yes, which nucleotide?

Cdt1

DnaA

DnaB

DnaC

DNA ligase I

E.coli Pol I

Mcm7

Orc5

Psf1

Rfc5

In: Biology

Discuss how active symporters and antiporters differ from facilitative symporters and antiporters. Discuss why it would...

Discuss how active symporters and antiporters differ from facilitative symporters and antiporters.
Discuss why it would be wrong to categorize the Na+/K+ ATPase as a coupled active transporter instead of as a pump.
Explain how the movement of Na+ ions by Na+/K+ ATPase differs from the movement of Na+ ions by the Na+/glucose symporter.

In: Biology

Why is the incidence rate of melanoma on the rise and why do some melanoma drugs,...

Why is the incidence rate of melanoma on the rise and why do some melanoma drugs, like Nexavar, work poorly, but drugs like Keytruda and Tafinlar work significantly better?

In: Biology

Explain the general mechanism for the simultaneous transport of Na+ and K+ by the Na+/K+ ATPase...

Explain the general mechanism for the simultaneous transport of Na+ and K+ by the Na+/K+ ATPase (aka. Na+/K+ pump) describing:
The result of this transport on the concentrations of Na+ and K+ inside and outside of the cell
How the binding of Na+ and K+ are related to the conformation changes on the protein
We discussed F-type pumps, which can also function in the reverse direction (i.e. ATP synthase). Explain how this protein can function both as a pump and as a "channel-like protein" (although the mechanism of proton transport is not the same as a typical channel) depending on the direction in which protons move (down or against their free energy gradient). How is ATP hydrolysis or synthesis associated to the movement of protons in each case?
Explain why the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR) does not function as a pump even though it is a member of the ABC transporter family (what type of protein does CFTR behave like?)

In: Biology

Describe the role that mobile DNA elements may have played in evolution. PLEASE cite source(s) and...

Describe the role that mobile DNA elements may have played in evolution.

PLEASE cite source(s) and NO wikipedia. thank you!

In: Biology

Describe the three kinds of stimuli that are responsible for the opening and closing of gated...

Describe the three kinds of stimuli that are responsible for the opening and closing of gated ion channels in animal cells
Discuss the general characteristics of porins and explain how these are similar to/or different from ion channels
Discuss the transport of water molecules via aquaporins, taking into consideration the effect of having an increased number of aquaporin proteins on a cell that would not typically express high levels of this protein.
Explain the difference between facilitative uniporters, symporters, and antiporters

In: Biology

A patient with recurrent Neisseria infections is evaluated for complement deficiency. C3, C4, and C5 levels...

A patient with recurrent Neisseria infections is evaluated for complement deficiency. C3, C4, and C5 levels are all within normal limits. CH50 values are below the reference range. What could explain these results?

A. Patient has a deficiency of C1

B. Patient has non-functioning C4

C. Patient has non-functioning C5

D. Patient has a deficiency of Factor D

In: Biology

Analyze what is meant by "the transport of an ion across a membrane is determined by...

Analyze what is meant by "the transport of an ion across a membrane is determined by its electrochemical potential." In doing this, describe the factors that must be taken into account when considering whether the transport of a charged solute across a membrane is endergonic or exergonic. Consider how this compares to uncharged solutes.
Compare simple diffusion and osmosis
Given that most cells are hypertonic relative to their environment, describe how this in turn affects the movement of water into cells and the adaptations of animal and plant cells.
Discuss the reasons for the differences in transport rate observed for facilitated carriers compared to channels. Consider how the mechanism via which these proteins allow the movement of solutes will in turn affect the rate at which the solutes are transported.

In: Biology

why in lab do you usually fill the dissecting tray with about 2-4 cm of water?

why in lab do you usually fill the dissecting tray with about 2-4 cm of water?

In: Biology

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