1. Humans are vulnerable to choking because of a phylogenetic constraint: when the structures that would...

1. Humans are vulnerable to choking because of a phylogenetic constraint: when the structures that would eventually evolve into lungs first evolved, evolution lacked the foresight to head off a future choking risk once lunge became the sole way of breathing. Can you think of another example of how phylogenetic constraint and evolution's lack of foresight have left the human body vulnerable to disease, injury, inefficiencies, or malfunction?

Expert Solution

Humans beings have neck through which the entire nerves coming from brain patth through to the whole body. Any damage to the neck region cuts of all the nerves from brain to the body. This can cause death if the damage is more. If it is minor damage also it can lead to sever damage to the body. Even if the damage is less, even then it can cause paralysis to limb muslces which receive nerves from the brain. If the nerves originating from brain are reaching the organs through different routes instead of all of them reaching through neck, body can be protected even if there is damage to neck.

Medulla oblongata supplies nerve impulse to diaphragm to bring breathing movements. Damage to medulla oblongata can kill the individula immediately because diaphragm can't bring inhalation and exhalation and respiration stops. If there is another source of stimulation under emergency conditions, death will not occur due to the damage of medulla

Evolution is a continuous process occurring due to natural selection. What is best for the organism is chosen. New traits are quired oly by mutation. The mutations are random where as natural selection operates based on the selection advantage to the organism. So the traits that we see in humans is due to the selection of the existing best advantageous trait. What mutation occurs is not based on the requirement of the individual.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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1. Humans are vulnerable to choking because of a phylogenetic constraint: when the structures that would...

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