Assignment:

1) Describe the principle of the yeast-two hybrid system

2) A positive result for the yeast two-hybrid analysis means:

A. two fusion proteins, one containing the Gal4p binding site domain and one containing the Gal4p activation domain, have interacted through their Gal4p domains resulting in transcription of the reporter gene.

B. two fusion proteins, one containing the Gal4p binding site domain and one containing the Gal4p activation domain, have bound together, which disrupts the ability of the reporter gene to make a blue colony.

C. two fusion proteins interact with each other and because the Gal4p binding site domain on one fusion protein binds to the reporter gene and the Gal4p activation domain of the other fusion protein interacts with RNA polymerase, the reporter gene is activated.

D. two fusion proteins interact with each other and because of the Gal4p binding site domain and the Gal4p activation domain contained in each fusion protein, the reporter genes are activated and the cells die, resulting in no colonies. E. the colonies growing are expressing the two fusion proteins and the two proteins have functioned independently.

3) What could the reporter gene encode and how would you detect reporter gene expression?

1.       Describe how a modification of the expression of a subunit of NMDA receptors (Doogie) can result in a major change in behavior, namely spatial learning.

2.       List types of changes (short and long-term) associated with synaptic plasticity.

eschewed EnzymesFurther study of these proteins reveals them to be highly advanced proteins capable of passing through membranes despite their size. Researchers in another lab have managed to create an enzyme that is capable of recognizing an amino acid sequence that is unique to each of these toxic compounds and present on all of them. This enzyme, the researchers named Ripley1, is able to attach a ubiquitin molecule to the toxic proteins. What will happen to these toxins in a cell if they are ubiquitinated?Early treatments of plants with Ripley1 has shown that it has exceptional difficulty localizing itself into the plant cells. What chemical characteristics of this Ripley1 protein are likely preventing it from entering the plant cells?It was observed that animal cells are able to uptake the enzyme Ripley1. What method of cellular eating is most likely being used by these cells to take up the Ripley1 proteins?

- Identify at least three characteristics that Tardigrada share with members of the phylum Arthropoda?

- Identify at least two ways that they differ from members of the phylum Arthropoda.

- What is cryptobiosis and what advantage does it confer on an organism?

- Arthropods represent the cumulation of evolutionary development in the protostomes. identify at least three characteristics that contribute to their success. Briefly, explain the selective advantage of each.

- Know the different processes of Eukaryotic Regulation (i.e. Chromatin Structure, Transcriptional regulation.

How does root system architecture change in response to phosphorus deficiency?

1. aWhat wavelengths of light worked best for the production of oxygen? Hypothesize why it was those particular wavelengths of light that produced the most oxygen.b)Why did using the full spectrum of light work best for the production of oxygen?c)Explain why an increase in carbon dioxide in the Habitation Unit would not result in greater production of oxygen. Your explanation should include a discussion on the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle.d)Explain why a change in pH did not have an effect on the production of oxygen. What did a change in pH effect? The pH was being changed specifically in the stroma, why does this mean that the change in pH would have that effect but not affect oxygen?e)Why did the addition of Atrazine reduce the production of oxygen? If Atrazine blocked the movement of electrons from photosystem I instead of photosystem II, should you expect different results?

how to use an antibody to probe or detect a protein.

Given your answer for how many protons are pumped by NADH and knowing that 1 ATP requires 4 H+, how many ATP equivalents of energy can be provided by NADH? Note that I said "equivalents" which means you can have a fraction of ATP here. Round to 1 decimal place.Now make the same calculation for FADH2. Again, make the same assumptions.

Describe the interactions of hormones and sucrose in the regulation of axillary bud growth in stems.

All cells in the body have the same genes, but cells become differentiated due to differences in gene expression.

True or False

TrueFalse

What cellular events must occur to establish the body pattern in an animal? (Check all that apply.)

Check All That Apply

• Cell division

  Cell division

• Hybrid formation

  Hybrid formation

• Cell migration

  Cell migration

• All cells live

  All cells live

• Cell differentiation

  Cell differentiation

• Apoptosis

  Apoptosis

The first morphogen gradient to provide positional information is established initially in the cellularized embryo.

True or False

TrueFalse

Discuss the concept of radial patterning and its application to epidermal and vascular development.

Leeches and Earthworms are both categorized under the same class. How do their tegument differ?