A sequence of DNA reads: 5’ TCT GGC AAT CGC TAT 3’

1.What is the sequence of nucleotides on the complementary strand of DNA?

2.Which strand of DNA serves as the template strand – 5’ to 3’ or 3’ to 5’?

3.List the sequence of codons that result from the transcription of this DNA

4.What is the sequence of amino acids encoded by this DNA (Refer to the chart on the next page)?

5.How would the sequence of amino acids change if the first triplet of DNA read 5’ ACT 3’ instead of ‘5 TCT 3’?

Cortical bone resists this type of loading the least: A) bending B) compression C) tension D) torsion

authors argue that there is no updated evidence on the effectiveness of music therapy and other musical interventions on different outcomes of neurological disorders despite a significant amount of data on neurological disorders.

Elaborate your opinion about this topic?

Suppose you get 50 calories from the broccoli and 200 from the chicken.     Assume that 50% of the chicken’s energy came from the grain and 50% from the grubs.

What was the likely net primary productivity of the producers(s) that gave you the energy in the broccoli?    In the chicken?

Name the three key epigenetic modifications, and name a few key physiological,cellular etc. processes they are important in:

Cat worksheet: use in combination with the cat photos provided in the module to practice your dihybrid cross skills

**refer to text sections 9.4 & 9.5 to help you during this exercise**

1. Look at the photographs of domestic cats found in this module and take a look at the information on Mendelian traits that control the appearance of cats’ coats found below:

1. Coat uniformity is controlled by genes at the P locus: genotype (P--) = white patches of fur & genotype (pp) = solid colored fur

2. Hair length is controlled by genes at the H locus: genotype (H--) = short hair & genotype (hh) = long hair

KEY: P-- means PP or Pp, and H-- means HH or Hh: you’ll need to choose one or the other

2. Use the information about these two genes and the pictures of cats to answer the questions that follow.

Questions:

1. What does the gene at the H locus control? Which allele is dominant and which is recessive?

Hair length, H is dominant while h is recessive.

2. What does the gene at the P locus control? Which allele is dominant and which is recessive?

Coat uniformity, P is dominant while p is recessive.

3. Look at the photos of cats and figure out all the possible phenotype combinations an individual cat could have for the two traits of hair length and coat uniformity. Use words, not letters to describe these phenotypes (i.e. solid colored long hair, solid colored short hair, etc..).

First cat: Solid colored long hair

Third cat: Solid colored short hair

Third cat: White patches short hair

Fourth cat: White patches long hair

4. For each of these genes, how many alleles does an individual cat have? In other words how many alleles that determine hair length and how many that determine coat uniformity?

Two

5. Choose four cat photos and fill in the blanks below for each. This helps you practice translating what you see (phenotype) into genotype.

1. Cat #1 phenotype: Solid colored long hair

genotype: pphh

2. Cat #2 phenotype: Solid colored short hair

genotype: ppHh

3. Cat#3 phenotype: White patches short hair

genotype: PpHh

4. Cat#4 phenotype: White patches long hair

genotype: Pphh

6. Now choose any two cats and designate one male and the other female. Both are heterozygous for hair length and coat uniformity.

1. What are the genotypes of each cat?

Male: PpHh

Female: PpHh

2. What are their phenotypes?

Male: White patches short hair

Female:White patches short hair

7. Write the genotypes of all the gametes that each of these two cats can produce. (NOTE: this can be tricky at first, if needed refer to your dihybrid cross Amoeba Sisters video in the PreLab to see an example of how it’s done).

1. Male’s gametes:

2. Female’s gametes

8. Now you’re ready to take the gametes you’ve created above and construct a dihybrid cross Punnett square to predict the phenotypic and genotypic outcomes of possible offspring (kittens!). Use the space below to construct your Punnett.

*Text section 9.5 & figure 9.5A are a good reference to use as you construct your Punnett. Doublecheck your gametes to be sure they each contain only ONE allele (alphabet letter) for each trait.

9. Using the possible phenotype combinations you listed in Question 3, write down the number of individuals in each category you expect to see based on your Punnett square. Can you express this as a ratio? (see fig 9.5A text)

10. Does a Punnett square show expectations for a whole population or just for one family? Explain your answer in relation to the cats in the photos and the Punnett square you just made.

Both keystone and foundation species are critical to ecosystem function. What are key differences between these two categories of species? Do some research on your own about different types of keystone and foundation species, and describe an example of each. What would happen if these species were eliminated? Discuss.

Aneuploidy is often more detrimental than polyploidy. Explain the difference between these two conditions and give one example why thisstatement is true

Describe in detail the CRISPR-Cas9 system of defense in bacterial against phages.

For each of the four respiratory complexes, list the redox centers and their reduction potentials. What is the significance of the order each redox center is used in electron transport?

1) If Lucy had all of the pacemaker cells in her AV node die off, what would happen?

A. Her heart would still beat at a normal rate as if nothing happened.
B. Her heart would stop beating and she would die.
C. Her heart rate would be controlled by the pacemaker cells of the Bundle of His . Her heart rate would start depolarizing from the apex.
D. Her heart would still beat, but the ventricles would contract right before the atria, instead of the opposite.

2) Which of the following is a true statement about capillaries?

A. At the efferent end, osmotic pressure is usually less than hydrostatic pressure.
B. They are leaky to everything but plasma and red blood cells.
C. Most of the water that leaves the capillary via ultrafiltration is brought back into the capillary via reabsorption.
D. All of the above are true.
E. None of the above is true.

3) Which of the following is a true statement?

A. The endocardium is the muscle layer of the heart.
B. The epicardium is a thick fibrous layer that is filled with fluid.
C. Without any autonomic N.S. influence, a heart would contract at ~70-80 beats per minute.
D. All of the above are true.
E. None of the above is true.

4) If Brown was injected with a drug that blocked all autonomic signalling to the heart, what would happen to him?

A. His heart would stop beating and he would die.
B. His heart would still beat, but much slower than a normal person's.
C. His heart would beat at about 50-60 beats per minute
D. He would be unaffected because the autonomic nervous system doesn't go to the heart.
E. His heart rate would remain a constant 70-80 beats per minute regardless if he was resting or exercising.

5) Brown is injected with a drug that blocks all of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, but only on his myocardial cells. What will happen to Brown?

A. His heart rate will increase dramatically.
B. His heart will contract with more force.
C. The pacemaker cells will no longer be able to fire action potentials.
D. His heart would stop contracting at all.
E. He would be unaffected, because there are no voltage-gated channels on myocaridal cells.

The timing of germination is very important for the survival of a plant species.

If you were trying to discover what the specific mutation in the DNA was that lead to a non-functional GA/aleurone system, which tissues would you use for DNA sequencing analysis? Why?

Please the word surgery breakdown: 1. Provide the full term definition. 2. Identify and label the (p)prefix, (s)suffix, and (wr)word root for each term (if applicable). 3. Define each word part by providing the most basic Latin or Greek meaning provided in the dictionary.

sublingual, carcinogenic, cystocele, antenatal incision

One of the genes that is commonly mutated in skin cancer is the gene that codes for the p53 protein. If both copies of the gene are mutated by UV light and the p53 protein is no longer functioning in a skin cell, the cell is not necessarily cancerous despite these mutations.   However, descendants of that cell are likely to develop into cancer.

Explain why having defective p53 proteins might lead to cells with many mutations present – a cancer-prone cell.

The timing of germination is very important for the survival of a plant species.

Under which circumstances would it be advantageous to have a non-functional GA/aleurone system?