Please answer this in a chart about the following test with the information needed as stated in the problem.

1.Create a chart to organize serological tests listed below that use antigens and their corresponding antibodies. Create columns for the name of the tests, the category of the tests, the description of the tests and examples of the tests under the categories.

-Precipitation Tests

-Turbidimetric and Nephelometric Tests

-Agglutination Tests

-Neutralization Tests

-The Complement Fixation

-TestLabeled Antibody

-TestsPoint-of-Care Testing

1. how important are capsules for bacteria to be able to cause disease?

2. why is it nessary to use a negative stain technique to view capsules? in you answer, be sure to include a definition of negative stain.

3. In preforming the spore stain, why is it necessay to heat malchite green?

4. In a natural habitat such as soil, what advantages does endospores production afford to members of the genera Bacillus and Clostridum over the nonsporing bacteria?

Describe the role of histones and epigenetics in the organization and gene regulation in chromosomal structures.

Please be descriptive, but make it easy to understand! Thank you!

1. Briefly explain why it was important for Frederick Griffith to use a IIIS strain in his experiments rather than a IIS strain and what result he was able to rule out as a possible explanation for the killing of the mouse after incubation of the heat killed IIIS strain with living IIR that he would not have been able to rule out if he used a IIS instead of IIIS.

1. Briefly explain the Hershey & Chase experiment and include in your answer what macromolecule was labeled with which isotope and why, what the results were, and what was concluded

1. The active site of an enzyme usually consists of a pocket on the enzyme surface lined with the amino acid side chains necessary to bind the substrate and catalyze its chemical transformation. Carboxypeptidase, which sequentially removes the carboxyl-terminal amino acid residues from its peptide substrates, consists of a single chain of 307 amino acids. The two essential catalytic groups in the active site are furnished by Arg¹⁴⁵ and Glu²⁷⁰ .

a. How many amino acid residues apart are these two amino acids?

b. Explain how it is that these two amino acids, so distantly separated in the sequence, can catalyze a reaction occurring in the space of a few tenth of a nanometer?

c. If only these two catalytic groups are involved in the mechanism of hydrolysis, why is it necessary for the enzyme to contain such a large number of aa residues?

2. What level of protein structure would be disrupted by the following below

a. heat

b. strong acid

c. saturated salt solution

d. organic solvents such as alcohol and chloroform

Three plant genes, A, B, and C, are linked and occur in the following order. Genetic distances are given as map units (m.u.):

A________10 m.u.______B_____0 m.u.__C

The genes underlie the following phenotypes:

A/_ = blue flowers, a/a = white flowers

B/_ = tall stems, b/b = short stems

C/_ = green leaves, c/c = red leaves

You cross two individuals with the following genotypes:

AbC/AbC x aBc/aBc

You testcross the resulting F1. The proportion of offspring that will have blue flowers is _

My biology teacher has asked this question: "what happen to firmness of the Jello if you add no sugar comparing to adding 3, 6, and 9 teaspoons of sugar? What will be the results in the 4 Jello products?" Thanks in advance.

Topic: Protein interaction and phase separation (Subject: Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics)

Please answer both Part A and B if possible, IF NOT PRIORITISE ON PART B

Consider the following scenario. A mutation in gene M was discovered to be a highly penetrant risk factor for disease P. There is no information on what the function of gene M is or what other proteins the gene product of M interacts with. All that is known is that M is abundantly and ubiquitously expressed in all cell types.

A. Describe in detail one (1) experimental approach that can be used for defining what proteins bind to gene product M and how the mutation alters the binding partners.

B. If purified gene product M were found to phase separate into droplets in a test tube, describe an experiment that that would distinguish whether the protein was in a liquid state or a glassy or fibrillar state.

What does it mean to travel down a concentration gradient? Would it take longer for a cell to get oxygen to the middle of the cell via diffusion if it had a higher or lower surface area? Why?

How many sugars ar needed to provide the energy and construction material fro making a new cell? Make an estimate for the average rate of sugar uptake for dividing bacterium.

What approximate %T (Transmittance) do you think represents the normal physiological cell volume?