40. Primary aldosteronism leads to

a. hypernatremia

b. hyponatremia

c. hyperkalemia

d. none of the above

39. Hypernatremia secondary to increased sodium intake can lead to

a. increased hematocrit

b. decreased hematocrit

c. increased plasma proteins

d. none of the above

38. Slow changes in the extracellulular fluid tonicity

a. have a huge effect on a cell

b. are clinically significant

c. causes major neurological complication

d. none of the above

37. Hyponatremia can cause

a. brain herniation

b. swelling of brain cells

c. alteration in level of consciousness

d. all of the above

36. Extracellular hypertonicity increases gene expression encoding for which of the following proteins?

a. Na/H exchanger

b. Na/K ATPase pump

c. glucose transporter

d. none of the above

35. Hypernatremia causes

a. water to move out of brain cells

b. water to move into the brain cells

c. brain hemorrhage

d. both a and b

34. The average plasma sodium concentration is approximately

a. 140 mmol/liter

b. 3.0 mmol/liter

c.5.5 mmol/L

d. 53.5 mmol/liter

33. Hyponatremia can result from which of the following ?

a. increased water intake

b. decreased water intake

c. increase salt intake

d. none of the above

Describe how a negative feedback loop works in biology.

You will be assigned tetracycline an antibiotic to focus your discussion on. Please answer the following questions about your assigned antibiotic.

tetracycline

• How does it kill bacteria?
• Is your antibiotic selectively toxic? Please explain your answer, including the definition of selective toxicity.
• How could bacteria become resistant to your antibiotic? Your answer should include the concepts of mutation and natural selection.
• What are some actions we, as a society, can take to limit antibiotic resistance?
• For your assigned antibiotic, describe an experiment that you could use to determine if a bacterial sample taken from a person was resistant to your antibiotic. Be sure to describe all steps of the experiment including your independent, dependent, and control variables.
• Initial discussion posts should have a minimum word length of 150 words.

Which of the following enzymes is very important in determining the partitioning of glyceraldehyle-3-phosphate/dihydroxy acetone phosphate between starch synthesis and sucrose synthesis

Aquaporins

G3P/DHAP efflux channel

RubisCO

Triose-phosphate translocator

ATPases

The accumulation of phosphorylated sugars in the cytoplasm will

Increase the activity of certain key Calvin Cycle enzymes

Promote export of phosphorylated sugars in the phloem

Promote export of triose-P from the chloroplast

Promote starch synthesis in the chloroplast

Promote starch degradation in the chloroplast

A tomato fruit growing on a vine will receive most of its nutrients and water from

The xylem

Storage reserves such as seeds and tubers

All regions of the plant more or less equally

Its own photosynthetic capabilities

The mature leaves closest to it

What is true of phloem sieve tubes

They are dead at maturity

They are cytoplasmically dense

They are membrane lined

None of the above

B and C only

Compare and conntrast negative feedback control of an enzyme versus enzyme repression.

Draw a simple diagram and include detailed labels that shows: the two ways that meiosis creates genetic diversity (crossing over and independent assortment)

• You should draw chromosomes (complete with chromosome # and maternal/paternal symbol), and you might label them with different alleles.
• You will need two drawings each accompanied by a few sentences worth of text.

You derive a cell line from a tumour and discover that it is deficient in DNA helicase activity and DNA repair activity. Is this helicase deficiency likely to affect base excision or nucleotide excision repair? Explain your reasoning.

Compare and contrast the accuracy of:

1. DNA replication
2. RNA synthesis
3. Protein synthesis

What mechanisms are used to ensure the fidelity of each of these processes? in writing no diagrams or pictures

Initiation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is basically similar but there are some significant differences. Briefly discuss four differences in the processes of initiation of protein synthesis between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

What is the correct order of the steps regarding speciation?

Group of answer choices

a. geographic isolation->one species->reproductive isolation->divergent evolution->two species

b. reproductive isolation->one species->reproductive isolation->two species

c. two species->geographic isolation->one species->reproductive->isolation->divergent evolution

d. one species->geographic isolation->divergent evolution->reproductive isolation->two species

Compare and contrast the way a liver cell responds to the ingestion of a common antibiotic and the ingestion of the dioxin TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and explain why the dioxin is so toxic. in writing no diagrams

Telomerase carries around its own piece of RNA. Explain why this piece of RNA is important and what it is used for.

Explain what would happen during DNA replication if both DNA Pol I and DNA Pol III had high processivity. in writing no diagrams or pictures

how to look for genetic patterns in a pedigree