Core concepts of population health emerged in 18th and 19th century Europe, yet soon came to circulate around the globe. This circulation produced the field we know today as global health or global population health. Please identify at least 2 continuities in population health debates across time and place and at least 1 aspect of population health thought or practice that changed as public health ideas were brought into new places and new political and social arrangements.

You are asked to draft a sustainability plan for for your community. Identify and describe five main challenges which you would aim to tackle in this plan, focusing mainly on energy issues and their tangents, in order of importance, and why.

A protein retained on an affinity chromatography column is usually eluted off the column by (circle the correct answer) A. increasing the salt concentration in the buffer B. changing the temperature of the elution buffer. C. allowing the retained protein to naturally come off the column after the non-specifically bound proteins have first passed through the resin. D. adding the protein's free ligand.

. a) In each of the following changes indicate which are age related and which are age associated changes and age associated diseases. Us abbr AR,AS, ASD. b) Also indicate under each if the degree of age related changes could become age associated under the influence of life style ( indicate by yes if it can or no it does not)

a. Reduced sex drive in females

b. wrinkling of skin

c. acute dementia

d. impotent in males

c. hypertension

d. presbyopia

e. Ectropion

f. vascular dementia

g. bone loss in females

h. bone loss in males

i. hypothermia

j. osteoarthritis

m. ADRs to medication

n. loss of muscle mass

o. Parkinson’s diseases

p. reduced short-term memory

q. multi-infarction dementia

r. incontinence

s. dysphagia

t. reduced time between erection (males)

2. a) explain which of the theories of aging explains the following age related changes, b) indicate if each theory is extrinsic or intrinsic

a. loss of elasticity of lungs reducing vital capacity

b. The loss of functional cells to replace those that are dying or damage

c. decrease in bone density

d. arteriosclerosis

e. osteoporosis - female

f. arthritis

3. Explain, from question 2 above, if these theories totally explain aging.

From Darwin to DNA: The Genetic Basis of Color Adaptations by Hopi Hoekstra ( Article Link: https://nescent.org/media/NABT2010/pdf/Hoekstra.pdf)

How can Darwin be linked to Francis Crick, the co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for modeling the three-dimensional structure of DNA?

Use Figure 1 to distinguish between Proximate and Ultimate questions in Biology.

Pick a question from Box 1 that is most interesting to you. State the question and explain your

interest.

What were the 3 main findings from the study of the adaptive significance of color variation?

What is the difference between forward and reverse genetics?

What is the role of Mc1r in determining pigmentation? What is the prediction for Mc1r activity

in beach mice?

Why is Figure 6 C the accepted cladogram including multiple origins of light color?

Is the mechanism (gene mutation) leading to light fur color the same for the Gulf and Atlantic

coast species?

What point was the author making when discussing wooly mammoths, fence lizards and the

snow goose (Figure 7)?

What did you find most interesting about the article?

Answer those question, please.

Describe how renewables will participate in the smart grid, making it more robust. Highlight what you think are the four most important attributes.

Three linked traits in garden pea plants are each controlled by two alleles. Yellow pods are recessive to green pods, bluish green seedlings are recessive to green seedlings, and creeper is recessive to normal. A plant heterozygous for all three traits was crossed to a creeper plant with yellow pods and bluish green seedlings. The following F2 results were obtained: 171 green pods, bluish green seedlings, creeper 307 yellow pods, green seedlings, creeper 13 green pods, green seedlings, normal 2067 green pods, green seedlings, creeper 165 yellow pods, green seedlings, normal 10 yellow pods, bluish green seedlings, creeper 2033 yellow pods, bluish green seedlings, normal 316 green pods, bluish green seedlings, normal a. Determine the allele arrangement in the heterozygous parent. b. Determine the gene order of these three linked genes. c. Construct a linkage map showing the map distances between the three genes. d. Calculate an interference value.

1) What were the first animals like?

2) Compare the diversification of plants and animals. When do major body plans appear in these groups (for animals, think different phyla, and for plants, think algae/land plants/vascular plants/seed plants/angiosperms) and over how long a period of time do new plans appear)?

3) Why is bilateral symmetry strongly associated with cephalization, the concentration of the sense organs in an anterior ahead?

Problem 1. Mitochondria may be prepared from cells and tested in cell free experiments. If supplied with pyruvate and oxygen, isolated mitochondria are capable of aerobic metabolism.

C. You as the investigator measure the energy state of the mitochondria as the ratio [NADH]/[NAD+]

1. Describe how the ratio is high and low for high and low energy charge, respectively

2. You remove the supply of oxygen. Explain how the ratio changes in response

3. You add an inhibitor of ATP synthase. Explain how the ratio changes in response

D. You as the investigator makes three measurements at the end of a test that lasts 10 min (exact time is not important). You measure 10 nmol (10-9 moles) of pyruvate consumed (this number is important). You also measure the nmol of CO2 and citrate produced.

1. Explain how 30 nmol of CO2 were produced.

2. Explain how 0 nmol of citrate were produced.

3. Based on the measurements above, predict how many nmol of acetyl-CoA were produced. Explain.

What are three potential functions of transmembrane proteins and why are they important?

In a neuron with a complex morphology such as a cortical pyramidal cell, explain how features such as dendritic spines, dendritic shape and non ligand-dependent ion channels in the membrane affect spatial and temporal summation of post synaptic potentials.

What is an isocratic separation? What is a gradient separation? Describe a gradient
elution in normal phase and in reverse phase.

Define therapeutic range/level and lethal dose. What units are associated with these
terms?

1. Explain the basic mechanism of separation in an HPLC column with emphasis on mobile

phase, solid phase, retention time, normal phase, reverse phase and selectivity.