1) Discuss the role of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration.

2) give the balanced equation for the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule

3) Name 3 stages of cellular respiration. Outline where in the cell each stage occurs

4) In glycolysis, name the starting material, the end product, and the number of ATP and reduced NAD+ formed.

Look up the structures for vitamins A, D, and E. Compare them to a water-soluble vitamin, such as vitamin C. Given the structures for A, D, and E, why would these vitamins be attracted to lipids? Why does vitamin C prefer a hydrophilic environment? Finally, list one side effect from taking too much vitamin D for too long a period of time.

You are the parent of a child who is enrolled in an elementary school. You are discussing the controversial topic of vaccination with another parent, who argues against it. How do you respond? Support all your assertions with evidence.

Scientists argue that we are now in the 6th major extinction period, yet very few global extinctions have been documented in the past few hundred years. Explain a) two reasons for this apparent contradiction (2 points), and b) why this might not be a contradiction (2 points).

In your first meeting as a conservation manager at a global conservation NGO, your colleagues present the plan for a new campaign focused on conservation in two of the world’s ‘mega-diverse’ (i.e. most species rich) countries. a) What are the merits of their proposal? (2 pts), b) What two other factors do you urge them to consider, and in taking these factors into consideration how might the plan be modified? (3 pts) Explain your answers. It is not sufficient to simply list terms we discussed in class. You must demonstrate understanding of the concepts (refer back to the readings).

The Stability of the DNA double helix depends significantly on:

I. Hydrogen bonds between phosphate groups

II. Stacking interactions

III. Hydrophobic exclusion

IV. Calcium Ions

A) I, II, III, IV

B) II, IV

C) I, III

D) II, III

Please explain the reasoning behind the answer

Most antimicrobials that arrest protein function are non-selective as to the microbes they affect. Why would this be? What would the effect of these agents be on human skin or tissue, if applied there?

After performing a spread plate method on a bacterial specimen, the culture was incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. Upon viewing the plate, there was heavy growth with no isolated colonies. Please discuss the errors in the procedure that could have produced this result.

power point presentation on malaria

Sterility is associated with loss of function (LOF) at a gene Z. The gene has 5000 bases where LOF mutations can occur. Assuming the human mutation rate is 2x10^-8 per generation. Homozygotes for LOF alleles at Z are sterile, and heterozygotes have mild sterility issues. The heterozygotes for LOF alleles at Z have 20% fewer children than an average individual I the population, but suffer no other ill effects. A) What is the frequency of the Z allele under mutation-selection balance? B) What proportion of the individuals in the population are sterile due to being homozygous for a LOF mutation at Z?

For each enzyme, state the kind of ribosome on which it’s made (cytosolic or RER). If it’s made on a RER ribosome, state the final destination of the protein in the endomembrane system:

- Glucose Na+ symporter
- Actin, which polymerizes into actin filaments, aka microfilaments
- A mature acid hydrolase that will function as an intracellular peptidase

Thank you!

Recognize the structure of the heme group and know its purpose in hemoglobin or myoglobin

List the major molecules that make up typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls and note which molecules are unique to each type of cell wall. How do these molecules contribute to the functions of the cell wall?